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乙炔银.
乙炔银是一种无机化合物,化学式为Ag2C2,是一种金属乙炔化合物。该化合物可被视为弱酸(乙炔)的盐。盐的阴离子是两个由三键相连的碳原子。
合成
![{\displaystyle ~\mathrm {CH\equiv CH+2[Ag(NH_{3})_{2}]OH\longrightarrow AgC\equiv CAg\downarrow +4NH_{3}\uparrow +2H_{2}O} }](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9f494f07f2c9d3ba00924956aab4cea053baaeee)
![{\displaystyle ~\mathrm {CH\equiv CH+2Ag(NO_{3})\longrightarrow AgC\equiv CAg\downarrow +2HNO_{3)) }](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/51ab83bb91421372f34a93b482f6c0448d98fb02)
- 这和Marcellin Berthelot于1866年发现乙炔银时制备的方法一样。[4]此法会生成Ag2C2·xAgNO3复盐。[5]
乙炔银可以形成在银或高银合金的表面上,例如乙炔管道的银焊点。
性质
乙炔银不溶于水,且在其它任何溶剂中都不显著可溶。
乙炔银有一项很特殊的性质:在爆炸时不产生气体。化合物的阳离子在分解反应中作为氧化剂。[6]
![{\displaystyle ~\mathrm {AgC\equiv CAg(s)\longrightarrow 2Ag(s)+2C(s)} }](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a134cc96aa629ffb8528d604763c53deafcebce2)
爆速为4000 m/s。
乙炔银与硝酸银复盐的爆轰速度为3460 m/s。[7]
干燥的乙炔银非常危险。可以用浓盐酸或硫化铵销毁:
![{\displaystyle ~\mathrm {AgC\equiv CAg+2HCl\longrightarrow HC\equiv CH\uparrow +2AgCl} }](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6f2f34294e8846f888980da9718487af39fc8b19)
![{\displaystyle ~\mathrm {AgC\equiv CAg+(NH_{4})_{2}S\longrightarrow HC\equiv CH\uparrow +Ag_{2}S+2NH_{3}\uparrow } }](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cf677cf2ccc617af49c593537a3c02451883ddf8)
参考文献
- ^ 乙炔银沉淀生成实验的改进
- ^ Holleman/Wiberg: Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie. 102. Auflage, de Gruyter, Berlin 2007.
- ^ G.-C. Guo, Q.-G. Wang, G.-D. Zhou, T. C. W. Mak. Synthesis and characterization of Ag2C2·2AgClO4·2H2O: a novel layer-type structure with the acetylide dianion functioning in a 6-η1,η1:η2,η2:η2,η2 bonding mode inside an octahedral silver cage. Chem. Commun. 1998, (3): 339–340. doi:10.1039/a708439k.
- ^ M. P. Berthelot. Ueber eine neue Klasse zusammengesetzter metallhaltiger Radicale (A new class of combined metallic radicals). 利比希化学纪事. 1866, 138 (2): 245–253. doi:10.1002/jlac.18661380215.
- ^ 六硝酸银合乙炔银的晶体结构. [2013-01-27]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-04).
- ^ Decomposition of silver acetylide. [2013-01-27]. (原始内容存档于2014-12-23).
- ^ 合成炔基炸药. [2013-01-25]. (原始内容存档于2013-03-01).
- Рипан Р., Четяну И. Неорганическая химия. Химия металлов. 2. М.: Мир. 1972: 871 (俄语).
- Багал Л. И. Химия и технология инициирующих взрывчатых веществ. М.: Мир. 1975: 424–434 (俄语).
- Получение ацетиленида серебра(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (俄文)
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