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雷酸银

雷酸银
IUPAC名
Silver oxidoazaniumylidynemethane[1]
别名 雷银
识别
CAS号 5610-59-3  checkY
PubChem 62585
性质
化学式 AgCNO
摩尔质量 149.885 g/mol g·mol⁻¹
外观 白色针状固体[2]
密度 3.938 g/cm3
溶解性 难溶 (0.18 g·l−1, 90 °C)[2]
爆炸性
撞击感度 极高
摩擦感度 极高
危险性
主要危害 高度敏感
自燃温度 170 °C
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

雷酸银(AgCNO)是雷酸,极具爆炸性。

雷酸银是一种起爆药,由于它对热、压力和电极度敏感,因此它几乎没有实用价值。随着雷酸银的聚集,它变得越来越敏感,即使量很少;一堆水下的雷酸银,不大于一硬币、没有几毫克重,下落羽毛的轻触、一滴的撞击、或一次小的静电放电都能够将其引爆。不可能聚集起较大量雷酸银,因为其自身重量将会使其爆炸。

雷酸银首先由爱德华·查尔斯·霍华德于1800年在他的研究项目中制备,当时他在制备种类繁多的雷酸盐。自从发现以来,它一直被用于制作无害的、能发出响声的儿童玩具。

结构

雷酸银有两种晶态:正交晶态三方晶态[3]。三角形的多晶型物包括环六聚物[(AgCNO)6][4]

制备

该化合物可以通过浓硝酸与金属银和乙醇的反应制备。反应条件须小心控制,以避免爆炸[5]。一次应只制备非常少的雷酸银,因为即使是晶体的重量也会导致其自我引爆。

硝酸银的酸性溶液与乙醇接触时,雷酸银也会被无意制备出来[5]。在为镜子进行银镜反应时,这可能会导致危险。

雷酸银和雷银

雷酸银经常与硝酸银叠氮化银或者雷银相混淆。虽然总是指含银的爆炸物,“雷银”还是很含糊。它可能指雷酸银。它也可以指吐伦试剂的分解产物,或是炼金物质,它们都不包含雷酸根离子。[来源请求]

参见

参考

  1. ^ Silver fulminate. ChemBase. [8 June 2012]. (原始内容存档于2020-02-19). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Römpp Online - Version 3.5, 2009, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart.
  3. ^ Britton, D.; Dunitz, J. D. The Crystal Structure of Silver Fulminate. Acta Crystallographica. 1965, 19 (4): 662–668. doi:10.1107/S0365110X6500405X. 
  4. ^ Britton, D. A Redetermination of the Trigonal Silver Fulminate Structure. Acta Crystallographica C. 1991, 47 (12): 2646–2647. doi:10.1107/S0108270191008855. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Collins, P. H.; Holloway, K. J. A Reappraisal of silver fulminate as a detonant. Propellants, Explosives and Pyrotechnics. 1978, 3 (6): 159–162. doi:10.1002/prep.19780030603. 

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雷酸银
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