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亚硝酸银

亚硝酸银
IUPAC名
Silver nitrite
识别
CAS号 7783-99-5  checkY
PubChem 160904
ChemSpider 141361
SMILES
 
  • N(=O)[O-].[Ag+]
InChI
 
  • 1S/Ag.HNO2/c;2-1-3/h;(H,2,3)/q+1;/p-1
InChIKey KKKDGYXNGYJJRX-UHFFFAOYSA-M
EINECS 232-041-7
性质
化学式 AgNO2
摩尔质量 153.87 g/mol g·mol⁻¹
外观 无色至黄色晶体
密度 4,453 g·cm−3(19 °C)[1]
熔点 140 °C(413 K)(分解)
溶解性 微溶于水
  • 0.155 g/100 mL(0 °C)
  • 0.275 g/100 mL(15 °C)
  • 1.363 g/100 mL(60 °C)[2]

沸水中分解[2]

溶解性 不溶于乙醇
危险性[3]
警示术语 R:R8, R22, R36/38, R50/53
安全术语 S:S26, S45, S60, S61
MSDS Sigma-Aldrich
欧盟分类 氧化剂 O 有害 Xn 有害环境物质 N
GHS危险性符号
《全球化学品统一分类和标签制度》(简称“GHS”)中氧化性物质的标签图案 《全球化学品统一分类和标签制度》(简称“GHS”)中有害物质的标签图案 《全球化学品统一分类和标签制度》(简称“GHS”)中对环境有害物质的标签图案
H-术语 H272, H302, H315, H319, H400
P-术语 P220, P273, P305+351+338
NFPA 704
0
2
2
 
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

亚硝酸银(英语:Silver nitrite)是亚硝酸盐,化学式为AgNO2[4]。它由银离子和亚硝酸根离子组成。

制备

  • 亚硝酸银可通过硝酸银与亚硝酸的碱金属盐反应制备[5],如硝酸银与亚硝酸钾在溶液中反应制备,生成亚硝酸银絮状沉淀[2]
  • 此外还可以用硫酸银与亚硝酸钡反应制备:

物理性质

无色或黄色晶体。正交晶系空间群P mmn,晶胞参数a = 0.3505 nm,b = 0.614 nm,c = 0.516 nm,Z = 2。

微溶于冷水,随温度升高溶解度增大,易重结晶。不溶于乙醇

化学性质

  • 在亚硝酸银溶液中通入,蒸发得亚硝酸一氨合银:
  • 溶于过量亚硝酸的碱金属盐溶液:
  • 见光逐渐分解为银和二氧化氮[1]

应用

亚硝酸银有许多应用。著名的例子包括:

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Mary Eagleson: Concise encyclopedia chemistry, S. 988., (《亚硝酸银》在Google Books的内容。)
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 H.J.M. Creighton & W.H. Ward: Determination of the solubility of silver nitrite and its degree of dissociation in a saturated solution, J. Amer. Chem. Soc, 37, 1915, 2333–2338.
  3. ^ 来源:Sigma-Aldrich Co., product no. (({id))} .
  4. ^ American elements. [2014-06-01]. (原始内容存档于2014-07-01). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Kornblum, N. and Ungnade, H. E. 1-NITROÖCTANE (PDF). Organic Synthesis. 1958, 38: 75 [6 January 2014]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-01-06). 
  6. ^ Waldman, Steve; Monte, Aaron, Monte; Bracey, Ann; and Nichols, David. One-pot Claisen rearrangement/O-methylation/alkene isomerization in the synthesis of ortho-methoxylated phenylisopropylamines. Tetrahedron Letters. 1996, 37 (44): 7889–7892 [4 January 2014]. doi:10.1016/0040-4039(96)01807-2. (原始内容存档于2015-09-24). 
  • Редкол.: Никольский Б.П. и др. (编). Справочник химика. 1 2-е изд., испр. М.-Л.: Химия. 1966: 1072. 
  • Редкол.: Никольский Б.П. и др. (编). Справочник химика. 2 3-е изд., испр. Л.: Химия. 1971: 1168. 
  • Рипан Р., Четяну И. Неорганическая химия. Химия металлов. 2. М.: Мир. 1972: 871. 
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亚硝酸银
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