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Bismut

83 loodbismutpolonium
Sb

Bi

Uup
Algemeen
Naam, simbool, getal bismut, Bi, 83
Chemiese reeks metalloïede
Groep, periode, blok 15, 6, p
Voorkoms rooierige metaal
Atoommassa 208.98040 (1) g/mol
Elektronkonfigurasie [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Elektrone per skil 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5
Fisiese eienskappe
Toestand vastestof
Digtheid (naby k.t.) 9.78 g/cm³
Vloeistof digtheid teen s.p. 10.05 g/cm³
Smeltpunt 544.7 K
(271.5 °C)
Kookpunt 1837 K
(1564 °C)
Smeltingswarmte 11.30 kJ/mol
Verdampingswarmte 179 kJ/mol
Warmtekapasiteit (25 °C) 25.23 J/(mol·K)
Dampdruk
P/Pa 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
teen T/K 941 1041 1165 1325 1538 1835
Atoomeienskappe
Kristalstruktuur romboëdries
Strukturbericht-kode A7
Ruimtegroep R3m  nommer: 166
Oksidasietoestande 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
Elektronegatiwiteit 2.02 (Skaal van Pauling)
Ionisasie-energieë 1ste: 703 kJ/mol
2de: 1610 kJ/mol
3de: 2466 kJ/mol
Atoomradius 156 pm
Kovalente radius 148±4 pm
Diverse
CAS-registernommer 7440-69-9
Vernaamste isotope
Isotope van bimut
iso NV halfleeftyd VM VE (MeV) VP
207Bi sin 31.55 j ß+ 2.399 207Pb
208Bi sin 3.68×105 j ß+ 2.880 208Pb
209Bi 100% 1.9×1019 j Alfa 3.137 205Ti
Portaal Chemie

Bismut is 'n chemiese element in die periodieke tabel met die simbool Bi en atoomgetal van 83.

Bismut word as element in die natuur aangetref, asook in lood- of koperertse. Dit is 'n taamlik seldsame element wat as ongeveer 1–2 mg per ton aangetref word. (Vir platinum is dit 5 mg/ton). Daar is bismutminerale soos bismuthiet Bi2S3, bismiet Bi2O3 en bismutiet (BiO)2CO2.H2O.

In teenstelling tot ander pniktogene word bismut net in een romboëdriese allotroop aangetref wat 'n silwerwit kleur het met 'n rooierige tint. Die resitiwiteit is ongeveer 107 μΩcm wat die hoogste waarde van alle metale is. Dit het die grootste Hall-effek en dit is die mees diamagnetiese metaal van alle elemente. Saam met water en gallium is dit een van min materiale wat krimp wanneer dit smelt.[1]

Verwysings

[wysig | wysig bron]
  1. Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth, N.C. Norman, Springer Science & Business Media, 1997, ISBN 0-7514-0389-X, ISBN 978-0-7514-0389-3

Eksterne skakels

[wysig | wysig bron]
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
Alkalimetale Aardalkalimetale Lantaniede Aktiniede Oorgangsmetale Hoofgroepmetale Metalloïde Niemetale Halogene Edelgasse Chemie onbekend
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Bismut
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