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软腭音

软腭化
◌ˠ
IPA編號422
編碼
HTML碼(十進制)ˠ
Unicode碼(十六進制)U+02E0
软腭化或咽化
◌̴
編碼
HTML碼(十進制)̴
Unicode碼(十六進制)U+0334
软腭音的舌位

软腭音(英語:Velar consonant、又稱軟腭輔音,古汉语稱为:牙音)是按发音部位分类的一类辅音。发音时,舌面后部接近软腭。一些软腭化的辅音在国际音标中还可以用⟨ˠ⟩表示(就是上标的浊软腭擦音符号⟨ɣ⟩)。

“软腭音”是按被动发音部位分类的说法,按主动发音部位分类则称为“舌面后音”。参见舌根音

人类发声构造;此图标示的“腭”与“颚”,用字不同,但意思一样。图中“颚”是指下颚(下颌),“腭”是指“上腭”(上颌)。“上腭”靠近咽喉的部分是“软腭”。

中古汉语的软腭音

中古汉语中的软腭音(古称牙音)包括 /k/、 //、 /ɡ/、 /ŋ/等声类

软腭音在IPA上的表示

國際音標
(圖像)
國際音標 特征 例子
语种 词语 国际音标 意思
ŋ 软腭鼻音 汉语四川话 我(ngo3) /ŋo˥˧/
k 清軟腭塞音 汉语 哥(gē) /kɤ˥/
ɡ 浊软腭塞音 英语 good ʊd/
x 清软腭擦音 汉语 哈(hā) /xä˥/
ɣ 浊软腭擦音 汉语双峰话 /ɣæ̃˨˧/
ʍ 清圓唇軟腭近音 美式英语 which /ʍɪtʃ/ 哪一个
ɰ 軟腭近音 朝鲜语 주의 /tɕuɰi/(南)
/tsuɰi/(北)
主义
ʟ 軟腭邊音 瓦幾語 aʟaʟe 眩晕
w 濁圓唇軟腭近音 汉语 窝(wō) /wɔ˥/
軟腭擠喉音 阿其語 кIан /an/ 底端
ɠ 濁軟腭內爆音 信德语 əro/ڳرو /ɠəro/
ʞ 軟腭搭嘴音 (用於副語言

參考文獻

  • Ladefoged, Peter; Ian Maddieson (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19814-8.

參閱

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软腭音
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