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濁小舌塞音

濁小舌塞音
ɢ
IPA編號112
編碼
HTML碼(十進制)ɢ
Unicode碼(十六進制)U+0262
X-SAMPA音標G\
ASCII音標G
IPA盲文英语IPA Braille⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245)
音頻範例

濁小舌塞音是輔音的一種,用於一些語言當中,它的國際音標符號是ɢ,X-SAMPA符號是 G\,漢語中無此音,但郑张尚芳等学者认为上古汉语中有此音。

基本上,濁小舌塞音,比起清小舌塞音還要罕見許多,因為喉門(即小舌所在的地方)比軟鄂更接近喉嚨,使得發聲空間更小,使得兩者間的分別變得比/k/和/ɡ/間還要更容易混淆。目前已知因纽特语苗語波斯語索馬里語等語言有此音。

特徵

濁小舌塞音的特點:

例子

語言 單詞 IPA 意義 附記
阿拉伯語(蘇丹) بقرة [bɑɢɑrɑ] 母牛 對應現代標準阿拉伯語的 /q/。

參見 現代標準阿拉伯語音韻學

阿拉伯語(也門) قات  [ɢɑːt]  巧茶 部分方言的發音。[1]對應現代標準阿拉伯語的 /q/。

參見 現代標準阿拉伯語音韻學

上古漢語 [2]  [*sɢloŋs]  「(頌) 皃也。皃下曰。頌儀也。」(《說文解字》)

「歌也。詩云:吉甫作頌,穆如淸風。又姓,出何氏,姓苑。似用切四。」(《廣韻》)

鄭張尚芳之《上古音系》
英語(澳洲) gaudy [ˈɡ̠oːdɪi̯] 華而不實的 有時發成清小舌塞音; /ʊ oː ɔ oɪ ʊə/之前, /ɡ/的音位變體[3]

參見澳洲英語音韻學。

凯特語 báŋquk [baŋ˩˧ɢuk˧˩] 地上的洞穴 /ŋ/之後, /q/的音位變體[4]
夸丘特爾語 ǥilakas'la [ɢilakasʔla] 謝謝
蒙古語 Монгол [mɔŋɢɔ̆ɮ] 蒙古的、蒙古人、蒙古語、蒙古文
尼夫赫語 ньыӈ ӷан [ɲɤŋ ɢæn] 我們的狗 /q/的音位變體
波斯語 دقیقه [dæɢiɢˈɛ] 分鐘
邵爾語 қарға [qɑrˈɢɑ] 烏鴉 /g/的音位變體
索馬里語 Muqdisho [muɢdiʃɔ] 摩加迪沙(索馬里第一大城市) /q/的音位變體
塔巴薩蘭語 дугу [d̪uɢu] 他(作格
查胡爾語 къгяйэ [ɢajɛ] 石頭
宏語 ? [nǀɢɑɑ̃] 被展開
旭米語(低地) [Rɢʶo] 有少許塞擦音。部分詞彙如此。[5]對應旭米語(高地)的/Nɡ/。[6]
洋尤瓦語 [ɡ̠uɟ̠uɭu] 神聖的 有時發成清小舌塞音[7]

註釋

  1. ^ The Phonology and Morphology of Arabic. New York: Oxford University Press. 2002.  Authors list列表中的|first1=缺少|last1= (帮助)
  2. ^ ZDIC.NET. 頌的音韵|頌的字形|頌的方言|汉典“頌”字的音韵方言. www.zdic.net. [2017-10-09]. (原始内容存档于2016-04-14) (中文). 
  3. ^ Mannell, R.; Cox, F.; Harrington, J. (2009), An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology, Macquarie University. 
  4. ^ Georg (2007), pp. 49, 67 and 77.. 
  5. ^ Chirkova & Chen (2013), pp. 365–366.. 
  6. ^ Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya; Kocjančič Antolík, Tanja (2013), "Xumi, Part 2: Upper Xumi, the Variety of the Upper Reaches of the Shuiluo River" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (3): 381–396, doi:10.1017/S0025100313000169. 
  7. ^ Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), pp. 34-35.. 
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濁小舌塞音
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