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濁聲門擦音

濁聲門擦音
ɦ
IPA編號147
編碼
HTML碼(十進制)ɦ
Unicode碼(十六進制)U+0266
X-SAMPA音標h\
ASCII音標h<?>
IPA盲文英语IPA Braille⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)⠓ (braille pattern dots-125)
音頻範例

浊声门擦音:voiced glottal fricative)是 /h/ 相应的浊音,亦稱「濁喉擦音」。发音时候气流通过声门并且带有声带的振动。此音在国际音标中的符号为ɦ,在X-SAMPA中的符号为h\

吳语閩北語建陽話中存在此音素,中古漢語中亦可能有此音素。部分語音學家將中古漢語中的匣母擬為濁喉擦音。宋代韻書廣韻中從匣母的字有:「鞋」、「红」和「咸」等。匣母在中國其他漢語變體中大部分都經過中古後期(即大約在晚唐至宋初期間)的濁音清化而消失。

特徵

濁聲門擦音 的特徵:

出现

语言 词汇 IPA 意义 备注
巴斯克語 北部方言[1] hemen [ɦemen] '这里'
吴语 閒話 [ɦɛɦʊ] '话语'
捷克语 hora英语Czech orthography [ˈɦora] '山' 参见捷克语音韵英语Czech phonology
丹麦语 Mon det har regnet?英语Danish alphabet [- d̥e̝ ɦɑ̈ -] “有没有下雨?” 参见丹麦语音韵英语Danish phonology
荷蘭語 hóín [ɦóĩ́] '介绍'
朝鲜语 여행/旅行 / yeohaeng [jʌɦεŋ] '旅行' 参见朝鲜语音系
林堡语 部分方言[2][3] hart [ɦɑ̽ʀ̝t] '心'
立陶宛语 humoras [ˈɦʊmɔrɐs̪] '幽默'
波兰语 Podhale英语Podhale dialect hydrant [ˈɦɘ̟d̪rän̪t̪] '消防栓' 标准波兰语中发/x/,参见波兰语音韵
波兰前东部领土 方言
葡萄牙語 许多巴西方言 esse rapaz [ˈesi ɦaˈpajs] '这个年纪'
许多言者 hashi [ɦɐˈʃi] '筷'
一些巴西葡萄牙语[4][5] 方言 mesmo [ˈmeɦmu] '相同'
Cearense dialect英语Cearense dialect[6] gente [ˈɦẽ.t͡ʃi] '人'
旁遮普語 ਹਵਾ [ɦə̀ʋä̌ː] '空'
羅馬尼亞語 Transylvanian 方言[7] haină英语Romanian alphabet [ˈɦainə] '毛衣' 标准语中读/h/。
西里西亞語 hangrys [ˈɦaŋɡrɨs] '醋栗'
斯洛伐克语 hora [ˈɦɔ̝rä] '山'
斯洛文尼亚语 Littoral dialects英语Littoral dialect group hora [ˈɦɔra] '山'
Rovte dialects英语Rovte dialect group
锡尔赫特话 ꠢꠥꠐꠇꠤ英语Sylheti Nagari [ɦuʈki] '烤鱼'
乌克兰语 голос [ˈɦɔlɔs] '音' 也被标为[ʕ]。参见乌克兰语音韵英语Ukrainian phonology
祖鲁语 ihhashi [iːˈɦaːʃi] '马'

參考文獻

  • Gussenhoven, Carlos, Dutch, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 1992, 22 (2): 45–47 
  • Harry, Otelemate, Kalaḅarị-Ịjo, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2003, 33 (1): 113–120 
  • Laufer, Asher, Phonetic Representation: Glottal Fricatives, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 1991, 21 (2): 91–93 
  • Roach, Peter, British English: Received Pronunciation, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2004, 34 (2): 239–245 
  1. ^ Hualde & Ortiz de Urbina (2003:24頁)
  2. ^ Gussenhoven & Aarts (1999:155頁)
  3. ^ Verhoeven (2007:219頁)
  4. ^ (葡萄牙文) Pará Federal University – The pronunciation of /s/ and its variations across Bragança municipality's Portuguese页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  5. ^ (葡萄牙文) Rio de Janeiro Federal University – The variation of post-vocallic /S/ in the speech of Petrópolis, Itaperuna and Paraty页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  6. ^ A NEUTRALIZAÇÃO DOS FONEMAS / v – z - Z / NO FALAR DE FORTALEZA (PDF). profala.ufc.br. [23 April 2012]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-03). 
  7. ^ Pop (1938),第30頁.
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