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樣本(英語:sample)是统计学术语,指从全体中随机抽取的个体。通过对样本的调查,可以大概的了解全体的情况。抽樣时抽取样本来进行调查,而普查时则需要调查每一个个体。樣本統計學是罗纳德·费希尔博士提出的。

樣本統計學並不是將整個母體拿去調查,所以必有誤差。

樣本統計學的內容有統計結果、可信度和誤差,不同的統計公司會統計出不同的統計內容。

樣本的規定

樣本,從母體抽樣時,應符合下列條件,才可表現出資料母體的型態:

  1. 母體的分佈需很平均,在抽樣時才不會只抽到相同而不正確的結果。
  2. 抽樣量不可太少,否則會影響對資料的準確度。
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