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非介入性研究

非介入性研究Unobtrusive research),或譯非侵入性研究暗地調查法等,是一種社會科學研究方法。研究者在不驚動調查對象的前提下,進行資料蒐集工作,[1]從而避免「主體反應」(subject reaction)問題。在社會科學領域,由於研究對象是人,人們得知自己成為研究對象後,往往會試圖迎合研究者,而做出非預期或非常態行為,影響研究結果。為了避免這種情況發生,研究者改以不驚動研究對象的方法蒐集資料,包括隱瞞身分以便進入特定場域、分析研究對象的公開資訊,或暗中記錄研究對象的行為等。[1][2]:424

非介入性研究這一概念,最早由美國社會學家尤金·韋伯英语Eugene Webb等人於1966年在《非介入性方法:社會科學的非反應性研究》(Unobtrusive Measures: nonreactive research in the social sciences)這本書中提出。在這本書裡,韋伯等人藉由觀察人們留下的線索進行調查。舉例來說,要知道博物館裡最受歡迎的展覽品為何,比起發放問卷,觀察展覽品前地毯的磨損程度,也許更能反映真實情況。[2]:424-425如同其它研究方法,非介入性方法同樣要面對信度效度的問題;研究者並非隨意觀察,而是透過嚴謹的研究設計來瞭解社會行為。[2]:425

常見的非介入性研究,包括內容分析法、分析一手統計資料、比較研究法英语Comparative research與歷史研究法等。

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 戴維·賈里; 朱莉婭·賈里. 《社會學辭典》 1998年繁體中文譯本. 臺北市: 貓頭鷹出版. 1998: 725. ISBN 9579684626 (中文(臺灣)). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Earl Babbie. 《社會科學研究方法》 第13版. 臺北市: 聖智學習. 2013. ISBN 9789865840068 (中文(臺灣)). 
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非介入性研究
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