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平方平均数

平方平均数(英語:quadratic mean),又稱均方根(或方均根root mean square,縮寫為RMS),是均方(一组数字平方的算术平均数)的平方根[1],是2次方的廣義平均數的表达式,也可叫做2次冪平均數。其計算公式是:

連續函數的區間內,其均方根定義為:

應用

均方根常用來計算一組數據和某個數據的「平均差」。像交流電電壓電流數值以及均勻加速直線運動的位移中點平均速度,都是以其實際數值的均方根表示。例如“220 V交流電”表示電壓訊號的均方根(又稱為有效值)為220 V,此為交流電瞬時值(瞬時值又稱暫態值)的最大值(峰值)的

另外,統計學中的標準差 ,就是所有數據和平均值 相減後的數據

的均方根

適用模型

均方根值並非所有模型均適用,只有在數值分佈呈現常態分佈時才適用。如果分佈呈現方波、三角波,就要用其他的公式,否則失真會很大。

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ Root-mean-square value. A Dictionary of Physics (6 ed.). Oxford University Press. 2009 [2022-06-16]. ISBN 9780199233991. (原始内容存档于2022-01-25). 
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平方平均数
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