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F检验

F檢定 (F-test),亦稱聯合假設檢定joint hypotheses test)、變異數比率檢驗方差齐性检验。它是一种在零假设null hypothesis, H0)之下,統計值服从F-分布的检验。其通常是用來分析用了超過一個參數的统计模型,以判斷該模型中的全部或一部分參數是否適合用來估計母體

F检验這名稱是由美國數學家兼統計學家George W. Snedecor英语George W. Snedecor命名,为了纪念英國統計學家兼生物學家羅納德·費雪Ronald Aylmer Fisher)。Fisher在1920年代發明了這個檢驗和F-分布,最初稱為變異數比率Variance Ratio[1]

適用場合

迴歸分析

  • 檢定整條迴歸模型是否具有解釋力,此即Overall F檢定 (Overall F test) 。
  • 檢定迴歸模型中特定自變數是否具有解釋力,即偏迴歸係數是否為零,此即偏F檢定(Partial F test) 。

注意事项

F检验对于数据的非正态性非常敏感,因此在進行變異數同質性(homoscedasticity)檢定時,Levene检验, Bartlett检验或者Brown–Forsythe检验的稳健性都要优于F检验。 F检验还可以用于三组或者多组之间的均值比较,但是如果被检验的数据无法满足均是正态分布的条件时,该数据的稳健型会大打折扣,特别是当显著性水平比较低时。但是,如果数据符合正态分布,而且alpha值至少为0.05,该检验的稳健型还是相当可靠的。

若两个母体有相同的方差(方差齐性),那么可以采用F检验,但是该检验会呈现极端的非稳健性和非常态性[2][3],可以用t检验、巴特勒特检验等取代。

與其它統計值的關係

  1. F检验的分子、分母其實各是一個卡方變數除以各自的自由度。[4]
  2. F檢定用以檢定單一變數可否排除於模型外時,即進行只縮減單一變數之偏F檢定(Partial F test)時,[5] 可參見 线性回归偏迴歸系数β的t检验

參見

參考文獻

  1. ^ Lomax, Richard G. (2007) "Statistical Concepts: A Second Course", p. 10, ISBN 0-8058-5850-4
  2. ^ Box, G.E.P. Non-Normality and Tests on Variances. Biometrika. 1953, 40 (3/4): 318–335 [2010-01-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-10-06). 
  3. ^ Markowski, Carol A; Markowski, Edward P. Conditions for the Effectiveness of a Preliminary Test of Variance. The American Statistician. 1990, 44 (4): 322–326 [2010-01-12]. doi:10.2307/2684360. (原始内容存档于2016-03-03). 
  4. ^ Jeffrey M. Wooldridge; 胥愛琦譯. Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach [計量經濟學] 2. 東華書局. Aug 2005: 153. 
  5. ^ Jeffrey M. Wooldridge; 胥愛琦譯. Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach [計量經濟學] 2. 東華書局. Aug 2005: 155. 
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F检验
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