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郊熊

郊熊属
化石时期:13.6–2.5 Ma
中新世更新世
郊熊牙齿化石
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 哺乳纲 Mammalia
目: 食肉目 Carnivora
科: 熊科 Ursidae
亚科: 郊熊亚科 Agriotheriinae
Kretzoi, 1929
属: 郊熊属 Agriotherium
Wagner, 1837
模式种
西瓦郊熊
Agriotherium sivalensis

Falconer & Cautley, 1836

详见正文

郊熊(学名:Agriotherium)是生存于中新世更新世(~13.6–2.5 百万年前)的北美洲欧洲非洲亚洲灭绝。本属最后的物种 A. africanum格拉斯阶英语Gelasian早期时数量锐减,并走向灭绝。

描述

下颔

郊熊约长 2.7米(9英尺),体重约 900千克(1,980英磅),比现今所有的熊都要大,但比同样已灭绝的残暴北极熊细齿巨熊小。拥有像的压碎齿。

质量

由 Legendre 和 Roth 两位科学家针对两个样本进行体重的估算得到[1]

  • 样本1:79.3千克(175磅)
  • 样本2:652.6千克(1,440磅)

咬合力

一项 2011 的研究透过分析多种现存与已灭绝的熊得到,郊熊可能拥有所有陆生哺乳动物掠食者中最强的咬合力[2]

食性

就像现今的熊,郊熊可能是杂食性的。[3],以植物还有马科骆驼科犀科牛科爪兽科及年幼的长鼻目物种为食。可能多半以食腐而非狩猎为主,抢夺其他掠食者,如半剑齿虎英语Amphimachairodus巴博剑齿虎,所捕获的猎物[4][5]

词源学

郊熊的属名Agriotherium来自希腊语,agrios- (ᾰ̓γρός)意为“郊外的、野外的或桀骜不驯的”,-therium (θήρ)意为“野兽”,即“郊外的野兽”。中文根据其分类翻译为郊熊。郊熊属的属型种Agriotherium sivalensis种名来自其出土地,西瓦(Siva)地区。

分类

因为分类变动较大,本条目认为郊熊属应当分为以下物种:

  • 缅甸郊熊 Agriotherium myanmarensis (Ogino et al., 2011)
  • 独特郊熊 Agriotherium insigne (Gervais, 1859)
  • 意外郊熊 Agriotherium inexpetans (Qiu et al., 1991)
  • 古印度郊熊 Agriotherium palaeindicus (Lydekker, 1878)
  • 西瓦郊熊 Agriotherium sivalensis (Falconer & Cautley, 1836)
  • 非洲郊熊 Agriotherium africanum (Hendey, 1972)
  • 科氏郊熊 Agriotherium coffeyi (Dalquest, 1986)
  • 格氏郊熊Agriotherium gregoryi (Frick, 1926)
  • 赤道郊熊 Agriotherium aecuatorialis (Morales et al, 2005)[6]
  • 亨氏郊熊 Agriotherium hendeyi (Jiangzuo & Flynn, 2019)
    [7]
  • 罗氏郊熊 Agriotherium roblesi (Morales &. Aguirre, 1976)

外部链接

参考文献

  1. ^ S. Legendre and C. Roth. 1988. Correlation of carnassial tooth size and body weight in recent carnivores (Mammalia). Historical Biology 1(1):85–98
  2. ^ Ancient bear had the strongest bite. BBC News. [2019-03-12]. (原始内容存档于2018-09-07). 
  3. ^ Palmer, D. The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. 1999: 217. ISBN 1-84028-152-9. 
  4. ^ Antón, Mauricio. Sabertooth. Bloomington, Indiana: University of Indiana Press. 2013: 53–54. ISBN 9780253010421. 
  5. ^ Turner, Alan. The Big Cats and their fossil relatives. New York: Columbia University Press. 1997: 201. ISBN 0-231-10228-3. 
  6. ^ Carnivores_from_the_Late_Miocene_and_Basal_Pliocene_of_the_Tugen_Hills_Kenya. [2020-05-31]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-04). 
  7. ^ A New Species of Agriotherium from North America,and Implications for Understanding Transformations in the Metaconid-Entoconid Complex of Bears. 
  8. ^ McLellan, B.; Reiner, D.C. A review of bear evolution. International Association for Bear Research and Management. 1992, 9 (1): 85–96. doi:10.2307/3872687. 


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郊熊
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