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獭犬熊

獭犬熊属
化石时期:早中新世 Early Miocene
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 哺乳纲 Mammalia
目: 食肉目 Carnivora
科: 熊科 Ursidae
属: 獭犬熊属 Kolponomos
Stirton, 1960

见正文

獭犬熊学名Kolponomos),也称滨獭熊,是已灭绝及水中生活的,生存于中新世早期的亥明佛德阶至阿启塔阶,约2000万年前[1]。獭犬熊(K. clallamensis)是由加利福尼亚大学柏克莱分校古生物博物馆内的古生物学家 Ruben A. Stirton英语Ruben A. Stirton 于1960年基于从奥林匹克半岛发现的一个部分头颅骨颚骨而命名的。他认为这些化石是大型水中的浣熊科所有,但后来分别于1969年及1977年发现的标本显示牠们是与熊的祖先有关[2]。而后来在阿留申群岛亦有发现另一组獭犬熊的化石。

下属物种

本属包括以下物种:[3]

  • 克拉勒姆滨獭熊 Kolponomos clallamensis Stirton, 1960
  • 纽波特滨獭熊 Kolponomos newportensis Tedford et al., 1994

描述

獭犬熊的吻突向下,臼齿很阔及重型,适合吃有硬壳的水中无脊椎动物。另外牠们的吻突很窄及向前看的眼睛显示牠们具有立体视觉[2]獭犬熊的颈部肌肉发达,肢骨粗壮,可见牠们在水中肉食性动物中有独特的生态位,只有现今无关的海獭有接近的生态位。由于未有发现完整的骨骼,很难就有关獭犬熊的适应性作出推测。

根据目前已知的颅骨与颚骨化石,可以发现獭犬熊的颚部呈现了趋同演化,类似于现存的熊、水獭、以及同样已灭绝的斯剑虎;其齿式与牙齿咬合处的磨损模式则近似于水獭[1]

虽然并非水獭,不过獭犬熊的进食模式可能与暹罗水獭十分近似[4]

参考

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Tseng, Z. Jack; Grohé, Camille; Flynn, John J. A unique feeding strategy of the extinct marine mammal Kolponomos: convergence on sabretooths and sea otters. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2016-03-16, 283 (1826): 20160044 [2019-12-23]. PMC 4810869可免费查阅. PMID 26936242. doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.0044. (原始内容存档于2021-02-16). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 R. H. Tedford, L. G. Barnes, and C. E. Ray. The early Miocene littoral ursoid carnivoran Kolponomos: Systematics and mode of life. Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History. 1994, 29: 11–32. 
  3. ^ Kolponomos Stirton, 1960. GBI. [2023-02-19]. (原始内容存档于2023-04-01). 
  4. ^ Tseng, Z. Jack; Su, Denise F.; Wang, Xiaoming; White, Stuart C.; Ji, Xueping. Feeding capability in the extinct giant Siamogale melilutra and comparative mandibular biomechanics of living Lutrinae. Scientific Reports. 2017-11-09, 7 (1): 1–10 [2019-12-23]. ISSN 2045-2322. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15391-9. (原始内容存档于2020-11-09) (英语). 

外部链接

Kolponomos at The Paleobiology Database页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆

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獭犬熊
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