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巫觋 (古希腊)

巫觋(Iatromantis[1],音译:艾亚托曼帖斯,英文中的Iatromantis来源于希腊字,依照原文的字义之解释多明确得描述为“医师-先知(physician-seer)”或是“巫医英语medicine-man、神医(medicine-man)”。Iatromantis(汉语可意译为巫觋)是来自希腊的巫觋宗教,并且与其他半神话(semimythical)人物有所关连,如:阿巴里斯阿里斯提亚斯埃庇米尼得斯以及克拉佐门尼的赫尔摩底谟英语Hermotimus of Clazomenae(Hermotimus of Clazomenae)。[2]在古典时期,埃斯库罗斯使用Iatromantis这词汇指称阿波罗[3] 或者是阿波罗之子阿斯克勒庇俄斯[4]

依据学者彼得·金斯利英语Peter Kingsley (scholar)(Peter Kingsley)所述,古希腊时代的巫觋(Iatromantis)应该是属于一个更广泛的希腊与亚洲之萨满传统,同时是起源于中亚地区[5]一项最主要基本的在于入神状态,这些治疗师-先知的冥想实践方式就是神鬼入梦英语Incubation (ritual)(incubation,古希腊语ἐγκοίμησις,希腊文拉丁转写:enkoimesis)。这不仅仅是一项医疗技术,据悉神鬼入梦是容许人类经历不同于睡眠作梦,或者是一般的苏醒英语Wakefulness之第四意识状态:这状态金斯利描述为“意识本身(consciousness itself)”并且将之比比拟成印度瑜伽传统的突里雅英语turiya(turiya)或者是三摩地(samādhi)。金斯利确认出希腊前苏格拉底时代的哲人巴门尼德就是一位巫觋。牛津大学的学者米歇尔·米勒(Mitchell Miller)认为这项确认是“引人入胜的(fascinating)”但也作为“非常难以评定为真实的断言(very difficult to assess as a truth claim)”。[6]

参照

  1. ^ 古希腊文: ἰατρόμαντις源自于ἰατρός, iatros英译:“healer”、汉译:“治愈者、医治者”,以及μάντις, mantis英译:“seer”、汉译:“预言者、先知”。
  2. ^ Luck, Georg. Arcana Mundi: Magic and the Occult in the Greek and Roman Worlds: A Collection of Ancient Texts. The Johns Hopkins University Press. 2006: 500. ISBN 0-8018-8346-6. 
  3. ^ Aeschylus, Eumenides l. 62.
  4. ^ Aeschylus, Suppliant Women l. 263.
  5. ^ Kingsley, Peter. In the Dark Places of Wisdom. The Golden Sufi Center. 1999: 255. ISBN 1-890350-01-X. 
  6. ^ Mitchell, Miller, "The Proem of Parmenides" in Sedley, David (ed.), Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, Volume 30 (Oxford University Press, 2006), p. 15, note 24.

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巫觋 (古希腊)
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