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墨提斯

墨提斯希腊语Μῆτις,“建议”、“机智”)在古希腊神话中是一个大洋神女(Oceanids),俄刻阿诺斯忒堤斯的三千女儿之一。最初她是机智和计谋的女神,后来代表更广的智慧和沉思,是智慧女神和女战神雅典娜的母亲。

神话

主神克洛诺斯因为害怕自己的孩子将推翻自己,而将自己的新生的孩子逐个吞噬了[1];是墨提斯帮助幸存下来的宙斯推翻了克洛诺斯,她给克洛诺斯吃一种药剂,迫使其将吞下的孩子们都了出来。[2]

宙斯开始追求墨提斯,而她则不停地变身以求逃避,可是宙斯的武力和力量比她更强,最终使她屈从了自己的意志,她就成为了宙斯的第一位伴侣。在她怀孕的时候,盖娅的一条神谕说他们的第一个孩子将是个女孩(雅典娜),其智力和力量将匹敌宙斯本人;而下一个男孩将重演他父亲(宙斯)及祖父(克洛诺斯)的经历,推翻自己的父亲而夺走王位。宙斯对这条神谕十分在意,巧言骗过墨提斯,乘她不留神的时候将她变为一滴而吞下肚。[2]这成为了宙斯智谋的来源。

然而宙斯并未能如愿地阻止雅典娜的诞生。吞下孩子的母亲后,他开始剧烈地头痛,以至于大声号叫。原来墨提斯在他的头内打铁为雅典娜铸造一身盔甲。普罗米修斯赫菲斯托斯赫耳墨斯赶来,将他带到特里同河Τρίτων),在那里炼冶神赫菲斯托斯用大斧劈开了他的颅骨,全副武装的雅典娜就此跳出。

参考

  1. ^ 伪阿波罗波洛斯,《书库》(I, 2, 1 ; I, 3, 6)
  2. ^ a 赫西俄德,《神谱》(v. 358 ; 886- )


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墨提斯
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