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红茶菌

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在培养的红茶菌
在水果茶中培养出的茶菌

紅茶菌,又名紅茶菇茶菇康普茶(Kombucha),因普遍在加糖的紅茶中培養而得名。紅茶菌不是單一的菌種,更不是菇類,經由分析其為酵母屬醋桿菌屬乳桿菌屬的共生物,其中以醋酸菌的含量最多。這種共生物英文稱爲SCOBY[1],代表的是Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast。這些菌利用茶湯中的糖分及紅茶的單寧酸作為養分產生酒精醋酸,顯微鏡下可看見桿狀的乳酸菌醋酸菌和顆粒狀的酵母菌附著在一層薄膜上,若培養得宜會看見薄膜漸漸形成大朵菇狀的「茶菇」。紅茶菌飲料味道微酸,和發酵乳一樣是一種活菌飲品。[2]但这种饮品的功效曾被严重夸大。

康普茶源起西元前221年的中國,並於西元414年由韓國醫師為日本允恭天皇所帶去的療法,但美國康普茶專家Hannah Crum抱持懷疑的態度。台灣於60年代[哪個/哪些?],就曾經流行過發酵,當時稱為「紅茶菇」,都是一般家庭自己發酵飲用,並未有大量生產及行銷販售。[3]

参见

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参考文獻

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  1. ^ Buztalk. Kombucha和SCOBY. buztalk.anhees.com. [2021-08-13]. (原始内容存档于2021-08-13). 
  2. ^ 有趣的真菌(三版 2005)頁33,國立自然科學博物館 發行
  3. ^ 搭上康普茶流行列車!台灣好茶發酵,散發花蜜香氣,好喝又健康. 台灣茶訊. 2021/06, (1020) [2023-05-11]. (原始内容存档于2023-05-11) (中文(繁體)). 
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红茶菌
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