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干燥

干燥是一种去除水分或溶剂化工单元操作。应用时对于三种不同对象有三种方式:

  1. 干燥固体,一般加热,用热空气或其他热气体将固体中的水分或溶剂汽化带走,对于加热后容易分解或氧化的物料,必须用减压的方式使水分或溶剂汽化,叫做真空干燥或低温干燥。
  2. 干燥液体,对含有水分的液体,一般用氧化钙氢氧化钠硅胶等物质进行干燥,这物质能吸水并能和水结合产生不溶不易分解的新物质。对于低沸点的液体如酒精溶液也可以用蒸馏的方法去除水分。
  3. 干燥气体,可以用浓硫酸等吸收水分又不和待除水的气体反应的物质进行干燥,如对含水的气、二氧化硫气体进行干燥等。

干燥也是一种传热传质过程。

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干燥
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