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氟化锌

氟化锌
英文名 Zinc fluoride
别名 二氟化锌
识别
CAS号 7783-49-5  checkY
13986-18-0(四水)  ☒N
PubChem 24551
ChemSpider 22957
SMILES
 
  • F[Zn]F
InChI
 
  • 1/2FH.Zn/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
InChIKey BHHYHSUAOQUXJK-NUQVWONBAR
EINECS 232-001-9
RTECS ZH3200000
性质
化学式 ZnF2
摩尔质量 103.406 g/mol(无水)
175.45 g/mol(四水)
外观 无色针状晶体或白色粉末
密度 4.95 g/cm3(无水)
2.30 g/cm3(四水)
熔点 872 °C(无水)
100 °C 分解(四水)
沸点 1500 °C(无水)
溶解性 0.000052 g/100 mL(无水)
1.52 g/100 mL, 20 °C(四水)
结构
晶体结构 四方晶系(无水),tP6
空间群 P42/mnm(No. 136 )
危险性
欧盟危险性符号
有害有害 Xn
警示术语 R:R36/37/38
安全术语 S:S26, S37/39
NFPA 704
0
2
1
 
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

氟化锌(化学式:ZnF2)是最常见的氟化物

性质

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无色针状晶体或白色粉末。有无水物和四水合物两种。与其他卤化锌不同,有明显的离子键化合物特性:熔点很高,溶解度也较小。金红石型结构,锌为六配位。[1] 四水合物为菱方晶系。[2] 结晶体能使光强烈地偏振。

难溶于水,几乎完全不溶于液氨乙醇,微溶于稀氢氟酸,略溶于盐酸硝酸氨水。水溶液很易水解,已知生成的碱式盐为 Zn(OH)F。[3]

氢气共热时被还原:

制取

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1、由氢氟酸碳酸锌(或氢氧化锌)作用,然后蒸发浓缩,得到氟化锌四水合物。将它在减压下加热,就得到无水物。

2、乙酸锌氟化钠溶液混合,得到氟化锌沉淀。

3、氟化氢蒸气通过红热的锌,生成无水氟化锌。[1]

用途

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含有部分结晶水的氟化锌是一种很有价值的中等的荧光剂,但是无水氟化锌却无此特性。工业上氟化锌用作陶瓷的釉和涂料、催化剂和木材的防水剂。[4] 也用于有机化合物的氟化反应。

参见

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参考资料

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4. 
  2. ^ Dale L. Perry, Sidney L. Phillips, 1995, Handbook of Inorganic Compounds, CRC Press, ISBN 0849386713
  3. ^ O. K. Srivastava, E. A. Secco. Studies on metal hydroxy compounds. I. Thermal analyses of zinc derivatives ε-Zn(0H)2, Zn5(OH)8Cl2.H2O, β-ZnOHC1, and ZnOHF. Canadian Journal of Chemistry. 1967: 579–583. 
  4. ^ 吕云阳,王文绍,刘颂禹,季振平. 《无机化学丛书》第六卷:卤素、铜分族、锌分族. 北京: 科学出版社. 1995年12月: 706. ISBN 7-03-003647-6. 
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氟化锌
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