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四氟化钍

四氟化钍
识别
CAS号 13709-59-6 ?
PubChem 83680
SMILES
 
  • F[Th](F)(F)F
InChI
 
  • 1S/4FH.Th/h4*1H;/q;;;;+4/p-4
EINECS 237-259-6
性质
化学式 ThF4
摩尔质量 308.03 g·mol⁻¹
外观 吸湿性白色晶体
密度 6.3 g/cm3
熔点 1110 °C
沸点 1680 °C
折光度n
D
1.45
结构
晶体结构 单斜晶系mS60
空间群 C12/c1, No. 15
危险性
欧盟编号 未列出
闪点 不易燃
相关物质
其他阴离子 四氯化钍
四溴化钍
四碘化钍
其他阳离子 四氟化镤
四氟化铀
四氟化镎
四氟化钚
相关化学品 二氧化钍
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

四氟化钍(化学式:ThF4)是一种无机化合物。它是一种白色有吸湿性的粉末,可由金属气直接化合制得。在温度高于500 °C时,它与空气中的水分反应,水解成ThOF2[1]

性质与制法

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四氟化钍化学性质比较稳定,不溶于、稀酸、冷的浓硫酸、浓硝酸氢氟酸,易溶于热的碳酸铵溶液。工业制法是无水氟化氢二氧化钍在较高温度下的气相氟化反应:[2][3]

ThO2 + 4 HF —873K→ ThF4 + 2 H2O

四氟化钍有多种水合物。含水最多的是ThF4·xH2O(x=2.5-3.0),受热时会分解成ThF4·0.25H2O。继续真空加热则生成无水四氟化钍。[4]

四氟化钍可以形成[ThF6]2-配合物。[5]

用途

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尽管具有轻微的放射性,四氟化钍还是被用作多层光学涂层中的抗辐射材料。它具有卓越的光学透明度,大约是0.35–12 µm。而它的辐射主要是α粒子引起的,可以轻易地用一薄层其他材料遮挡住,以免对人体造成伤害。[6][7]

四氟化钍还用于制造碳弧灯,这为电影放映机和探照灯提供了高强度的光源。[8]

四氟化钍是使用金属为还原剂的热还原法生产金属钍的原料,也用于氯氟化物熔盐电解法来制备金属钍的粉末。它与碱金属、铍或锆的氟化物混合熔融以后可用作熔盐反应堆的增殖材料。[9]

参考文献

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  1. ^ Dale L. Perry, Sidney L. Phillips. Handbook of inorganic compounds. CRC Press. 1995: 412. ISBN 0-8493-8671-3. 
  2. ^ Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4. 
  3. ^ 无机化学(第二版)下册.高等教育出版社.庞锡涛 主编.2-2 钍及其化合物. P456. ISBN 978-7-04-005387-6
  4. ^ d'Eye, R.W.M.; Booth, G.W. The hydrates of thorium tetrafluoride. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 1955, 1 (4–5): 326. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(55)80039-5. 
  5. ^ 无机化学.高等教育出版社.天津大学无机化学教研室 编.14.6.1 钍的重要化合物.P442.ISBN 978-7-04-028478-2
  6. ^ Rancourt, James D. Optical thin films: user handbook. SPIE Press. 1996: 196. ISBN 0-8194-2285-1. 
  7. ^ W. Heitmann and E. Ritter. Production and properties of vacuum evaporated films of thorium fluoride. Appl. Opt. 1968, 7 (2): 307 [2012-08-23]. PMID 20062461. doi:10.1364/AO.7.000307. (原始内容存档于2020-06-09). 
  8. ^ McKetta, John J. Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design: Thermoplastics to Trays, Separation, Useful Capacity. CRC Press. 1996: 81. ISBN 0-8247-2609-X. 
  9. ^ Hargraves, Robert; Moir, Ralph. Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactors. American Scientist. July 2010, 98 (4): 304–313 [2012-08-23]. doi:10.1511/2010.85.304. (原始内容存档于2013-05-11). 
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四氟化钍
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