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正丁腈

正丁腈[1]
Structural formula of butyronitrile
Ball-and-stick model of the butyronitrile molecule
IUPAC名
Butanenitrile[2]
别名 1-丁腈
正丙基氰
识别
CAS号 109-74-0  checkY
PubChem 8008
ChemSpider 7717
SMILES
 
  • CCCC#N
Beilstein 1361452
UN编号 2411
EINECS 203-700-6
ChEBI 51937
RTECS ET8750000
MeSH N-butyronitrile
性质
化学式 C4H7N
摩尔质量 69.11 g·mol−1
外观 无色
氣味 刺激的窒息性气味[3]
密度 794 mg mL−1
熔点 -112 °C(161.25 K)
沸点 118 °C(390.7 K)
溶解性 0.033 g/100 mL
溶解性 可溶于;和乙醇乙醚二甲基甲酰胺混溶
蒸氣壓 3.1 Pa
kH 190 μmol Pa−1 kg−1
磁化率 -49.4·10−6 cm3/mol
折光度n
D
1.38385
偶极矩 3.5
热力学
ΔfHm298K −6.8–−4.8 kJ mol−1
ΔcHm −2.579 MJ mol−1
热容 134.2 J K−1 mol−1
危险性
GHS危险性符号
《全球化学品统一分类和标签制度》(简称“GHS”)中易燃物的标签图案 《全球化学品统一分类和标签制度》(简称“GHS”)中有毒物质的标签图案
GHS提示词 危险
H-术语 H225, H301, H311, H331
P-术语 P210, P261, P280, P301+310, P311
NFPA 704
3
3
0
 
爆炸極限 1.65%–?[3]
PEL none[3]
致死量或浓度:
LD50中位剂量
50 mg kg−1 (oral, rat)
相关物质
相关化学品 正丁酸
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

正丁腈是一种有机物示性式为CH3CH2CH2CN。它是无色液体,和大多数极性有机溶剂互溶。正丁腈是一种危險化学品。[4]

制备

工业上通过正丁醇氨氧化反应制备:

性质

正的水解反应可以得到正丁醯胺[5]

CH3CH2CH2CN + H2O → CH3CH2CH2CONH2

正丁酰胺進一步水解,可以得到正丁酸(CH3CH2CH2COOH)。

它在的催化下,和氫氣反应,生成正丁胺

CH3CH2CH2CN + 2H2 → CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2

氢化铝锂为还原剂,亦可得到正丁胺。

應用

正丁腈是家禽药物氨丙啉英语amprolium的前体。[6]

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ Merck Index, 11th Edition, 1597
  2. ^ N-butyronitrile - Compound Summary. PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. Identification. 26 March 2005 [12 June 2012]. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. #0086. NIOSH. 
  4. ^ 佚名. 连载51:正丁腈(丙基氰:丁腈)页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)[J]. 化工安全与环境, 2000(13):13-13.
  5. ^ 高俊, 史继诚. Cr/Cu催化剂催化正丁腈水合反应合成丁酰胺页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)[J]. 化工进展, 2008, 27(3):444-447.
  6. ^ Peter Pollak, Gérard Romeder, Ferdinand Hagedorn, Heinz-Peter Gelbke "Nitriles" Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_363
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正丁腈
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