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多重完全數

多重完全數multiply perfect number)為一數學名詞,是一種廣義的完全數

針對一自然數k,自然數nk重完全數的充份必要條件n所有正因數的和(即除數函數σ(n))等於nk倍,此定義下,完全數的除數函數為本身的2倍,因此是2重完全數。不論k的數值為何,k重完全數都屬於多重完全數。至2004年7月為止.已經找到k為11的多重完全數。

可以證明:

  • 針對一質數p,若np重完全數且p無法整除n,則pn為(p+1)重完全數。因此可推得若整數n3重完全數,可被2整除但不能可被4整除,其充份必要條件是n/2需為奇數的完全數,至2012年12月為止,尚未發現任何奇數的完全數。
  • 若3n為4k重完全數,且3無法整除n,則n為3k-重完全數。

最小的k重完全數

以下列出k <= 7時,各k值最小的k重完全數(OEIS數列A007539):

k 最小的k重完全數 發現者
1 1 不可考
2 6 不可考
3 120 不可考
4 30240 勒内·笛卡儿,約在1638年
5 14182439040 勒内·笛卡儿,約在1638年
6 154345556085770649600 羅伯特·丹尼·卡邁克爾, 1907
7 141310897947438348259849402738485523264343544818565120000 TE Mason, 1911

例如,120的除數函數滿足以下的關係:

1+2+3+4+5+6+8+10+12+15+20+24+30+40+60+120 = 360 = 3 × 120.

120的除數函數為120的三倍,因此為3重完全數:

參考資料

外部連結

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多重完全數
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