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亏数

古氏积木展示8是一個亏数:真因數之和低於自身

在数论中,若一个正整數除了本身外之所有因數之和比此数自身小,則稱此數為亏數。(又称作缺数不足數)。

更为严格地说,亏數是指使得函数 σ(n) < 2n的正整数,其中σ(n)指的是因数和函数,即n的所有正因数(包括n)之和。2n − σ(n)称作n亏度

例如15真因數有 1,3,5,而,9<15,所以15可稱為亏數。

最小的一些亏數OEISA005100是:

1234578910111314151617192122232526272931……(OEIS數列A005100

奇亏數和偶亏數都有无穷多个,因为显然所有的質数,以及他们的方幂,都是亏數。另外,每个完美数和亏數的因数(不包括它们自身)都是亏數。

与亏數相关的概念是完美数σ(n) = 2n)和過剩數σ(n) > 2n)。最早将自然数分为过剩数、完美数和亏数的是Nicomachus所著的Introductio Arithmetica (公元前100年)。

参见

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亏数
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