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二异丙基氨基锂

二异丙基氨基锂
IUPAC名
Lithium diisopropylamide
别名 LDA
识别
CAS号 4111-54-0  checkY
PubChem 2724682
ChemSpider 2006804
SMILES
 
  • [Li+].[N-](C(C)C)C(C)C
InChI
 
  • 1/C6H14N.Li/c1-5(2)7-6(3)4;/h5-6H,1-4H3;/q-1;+1
InChIKey ZCSHNCUQKCANBX-UHFFFAOYAP
性质
化学式 C6H14LiN 或 LiN(C3H7)2
摩尔质量 107.1233 g·mol⁻¹
密度 0.79 g/cm³, ?
熔点 °C (? K)
沸点 (? K)
溶解性 与水反应
pKa 34
黏度 ? cP(?°C)
危险性
主要危害 腐蚀性
闪点 ?°C
相关物质
相关化学品 超强碱
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

二异丙基氨基锂,又称LDA,化学式为[(CH3)2CH]2NLi。在有机化学中,LDA通常作为被用于去质子化碳氢化合物。LDA因可溶于非极性有机溶剂中,而被广泛应用。LDA属于非亲核性强碱。

制备与结构

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在0至-78 °C的条件下,向二异丙基胺THF溶液中缓慢加入正丁基锂,即可制得LDA的THF溶液。二异丙基胺的pKa值为36,因此LDA可以对大部分的和含α-氢的羰基化合物(包括羧酸)起去质子化作用。在THF溶液中,LDA主要以二聚体的形式存在[1][2] ,而在其去质子化其他物质时会先行分解成单体

LDA已经商品化,市售LDA为其溶液,通常溶剂为极性非质子溶剂,如THF或乙醚。然而在实际应用中,特别是小剂量使用时(小于50毫摩尔),常常在临用前现配。

“动力学”及“热力学”碱

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对“碳”酸的去质子化作用可分为动力学控制及热力学控制两种。[來源請求][3]

参考文献

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  1. ^ Williard, P. G.; Salvino, J. M. Synthesis, isolation, and structure of an LDA-THF complex. Journal of Organic Chemistry. 1993, 58 (1): 1–3. doi:10.1021/jo00053a001. 
  2. ^ N.D.R. Barnett, R.E. Mulvey, W. Clegg and P.A. O'Neil. Crystal structure of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA): an infinite helical arrangement composed of near-linear nitrogen-lithium-nitrogen units with four units per turn of helix. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1991, 113 (21): 8187–8188. doi:10.1021/ja00021a066. 
  3. ^ Becker-Berger-Domschke - Organikum. Auflage 21, 2000 ISBN 3-527-29985-8

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二异丙基氨基锂
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