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乙烯基锂

乙烯基锂
识别
CAS号 917-57-7
PubChem 637931
ChemSpider 10254403
SMILES
 
  • [Li]C=C
Beilstein 3587231
Gmelin 723
ChEBI 51472
性质
化学式 C2H3Li
摩尔质量 33.99 g·mol−1
外观 白色固体
危险性
主要危害 会自燃
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

乙烯基锂是一种有机锂化合物,化学式为LiC2H3,它是无色或白色固体,常以四氢呋喃溶液的形式使用。它是有机合成中的重要试剂。[1]

制备及结构

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乙烯基锂的溶液可通过锂-卤素交换反应得到。无卤素法可通过四乙烯基锡正丁基锂的反应得到乙烯基锂:

Sn(CH=CH2)4 + 4 BuLi → SnBu4 + 4 LiCH=CH2

乙烯和锂的反应会得到乙烯基锂和氢化锂,以及其它一些有机锂化合物。[1]

它和很多有机锂化合物一样,在四氢呋喃中可以结晶出立方烷型的簇状结构。[2]

[LiC2H3(THF)]4的结构。

反应

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乙烯基锂可用于在金属基试剂引入乙烯基团,如可制备乙烯基硅烷、乙烯基铜酸盐、乙烯基锡酸盐等。[3]它和酮反应得到烯丙醇。它的替代试剂是乙烯基溴化镁。[4]

参考文献

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Eisenhart, Eric K.; Bessieres, Bernard. Vinyllithium. E-EROS Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. 2007. ISBN 978-0471936237. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rv015.pub2. .
  2. ^ Walter Bauer, Frank Hampel. X-Ray crystal structure of a vinyllithium–tetrahydrofuran solvate (C2H3Li–thf)4. Quantitative estimation of Li–H distances by 6Li–1H HOESY. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1992, (12): 903–905. doi:10.1039/C39920000903. 
  3. ^ Lipshutz, Bruce H.; Moretti, Robert; Crow, Robert. Mixed Higher-order Cyanocuprate-induced Epoxide Openings: 1-benzyloxy-4-penten-2-ol. Org. Synth. 1990, 69: 80. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.069.0080. 
  4. ^ Dietmar Seyferth. Di-n-butyldivinyltin. Org. Synth. 1959, 39: 10. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.039.0010. 
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乙烯基锂
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