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中华虎头蟹

中华虎头蟹
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
亚门: 甲殼亞門 Crustacea
纲: 软甲纲 Malacostraca
目: 十足目 Decapoda
亚目: 腹胚亚目 Pleocyemata
下目: 短尾下目 Brachyura
科: 虎头蟹科 Orithyiidae
属: 虎头蟹属 Orithyia
种:
中华虎头蟹 O. sinica
二名法
Orithyia sinica
(Linnaeus, 1771)[1]
異名
  • Cancer sinicus Linnaeus,1771:541.
  • Cancer bimaculatus Herbst,1790:248,pl.18,fig.101.
  • Orithyia mammillaris Fabricius,1798:363.

中华虎头蟹学名Orithyia sinica)为虎頭蟹總科(Orithyioidea)下虎头蟹科(Orithyiidae)虎头蟹属(Orithyia)的螃蟹。這種蟹的不尋常之處在於其處於唯一的總科下。[2]其原分類為關公蟹總科玉蟹總科[2]其幼體不同於其他任何的[3]

种加词sinica,意为“中华的”。

描述

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中華虎頭蟹的腿部有條紋,在背殼上有眼狀斑點,成年雌性個體腹腔十分狹窄,生殖器外露。[2] 其腿部末端扁平,更適宜於掘土而不是游泳。[2]

栖息

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中华虎头蟹活动有规律性,通常在晚上出现,多在夜间猎食也有明显的趋光性。游泳全凭游泳足,运动时用它的前3对步足之爪左右爬行,但偶尔也会前后爬行,休息时用末对步足掘沙,将自己埋伏起来。

中华虎头蟹和其他海洋蟹类一样,性格凶猛,幼蟹有明显残食现象。中华虎头蟹栖息水环境要求水质清洁,对温度、盐度的适应范围较广。在水温9℃~35℃,盐度3‰~40‰的水域内均能生存,生长适宜温度为15℃~30℃,适宜盐度为5‰~30‰;人工育苗的最适温度应在24℃左右,最适盐度应在27‰左右;耐受温度低温为8℃,高温为37℃,耐受盐度低盐为2,高盐为45,在此区间之外的温度和盐度下,其摄食、活动受到影响,直至死亡。其他水质指标,一般溶解氧大于5mL/L,pH值应在7.5~8.6之间,透明度在30cm~40cm之间。

分佈與保護

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中華虎頭蟹分布于朝鲜以及中国大陆广东福建浙江江苏山东半岛渤海湾辽东半岛辽东湾等地,生活环境为海水,常栖息于浅海泥沙底。[1] 雖然其相鄰水域極淺且幼體為浮游生物,但是在鄰近地區例如日本琉球群島和台灣岛卻全無蹤跡。[2] 在其分佈範圍內,中華虎頭蟹被小規模捕撈,且其價格極高。[2]

参考文献

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 中国科学院动物研究所. 中华虎头蟹. 《中国动物物种编目数据库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2014-08-18]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-13) (中文(简体)). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Peter K. L. Ng, Danièle Guinot & Peter J. F. Davie. Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 2008, 17: 1–286 [2013-04-19]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-06-06). 
  3. ^ A. L. Rice. The first zoeal stage of Ebalia nux A. Milne Edwards 1883, with a discussion of the zoeal characters of the Leucosiidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura). Journal of Natural History. 1980, 14 (3): 331–337. doi:10.1080/00222938000770281. 
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中华虎头蟹
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