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歐洲蜘蛛蟹

歐洲蜘蛛蟹
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
亚门: 甲殼亞門 Crustacea
纲: 软甲纲 Malacostraca
目: 十足目 Decapoda
亚目: 腹胚亚目 Pleocyemata
下目: 短尾下目 Brachyura
科: 蜘蛛蟹科 Majidae
属: 蜘蛛蟹屬 Maja
种:
歐洲蜘蛛蟹 M. squinado
二名法
Maja squinado
(Herbst, 1788)

歐洲蜘蛛蟹(學名:Maja squinado),又稱合團蜘蛛蟹,是蜘蛛蟹屬下的一種螃蟹,分佈于大西洋東北部和地中海海域。甲殼直徑85至200毫米(3.3至7.9英寸)。[1]

行為

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歐洲蜘蛛蟹是一種雜食動物,冬天以海草和軟體動物為食,夏天則以海膽海參棘皮動物爲食[2]

它在秋季遷徙[3],一些歐洲蜘蛛蟹在八個月中可以移動100英里(160公里)[4]。因蛻殼期間容易被捕食,所以歐洲蜘蛛蟹一般在蛻殼期間群居以抵禦捕食者[5]。雌蟹每年可產四次卵[6]

巴利阿里群岛附近海域正在游泳的歐洲蜘蛛蟹

捕撈

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世界70%的歐洲蜘蛛蟹都捕撈于法國沿海,逾10%捕撈于英國沿海,6%捕撈于海峽群島,3%捕撈于西班牙和愛爾蘭,2%捕撈于克羅地亞[7]歐盟規定捕撈的歐洲蜘蛛蟹不得小於120毫米(4.7英寸)[8]。而個別國家可能還有各自的保護法規,如西班牙禁止捕撈抱卵的雌蟹,法國和海峽群島有禁捕期[1]

参考文献

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Carl Meyer. Maja squinado, the European Spider Crab: Biology and Fishery. University of Hawaii. [October 4, 2010]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-11). 
  2. ^ Bernardez, C., J. Freire & E. Gonzalez–Gurriaran,. Feeding of the spider crab Maja squinado in rocky subtidal areas of the Ria de Arousa (north-west Spain). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 2000, 80 (1): 95–102. doi:10.1017/S0025315499001605. 
  3. ^ E. Gonzalez–Gurriaran, J. Freire & C. Bernardez. Migratory patterns of female spider crabs Maja squinado detected using electronic tags and telemetry. Journal of Crustacean Biology. 2002, 22 (1): 91–97. doi:10.1651/0278-0372(2002)022[0091:MPOFSC]2.0.CO;2. (原始内容存档于2007年1月14日). 
  4. ^ Le Foll, D. Biology and fisheries of the spider crab Maja squinado (Herbst) in western English Channel (PDF). Ph.D. thesis, Université de Bretagne Occidentale. November 1, 1993 [2018-05-11]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2009-09-04) (法语). 
  5. ^ Sampedro, M. P. & E. Gonzalez–Gurriaran. Aggregating behaviour of the spider crab Maja squinado in shallow waters. Journal of Crustacean Biology. 2004, 24 (1): 168–177. doi:10.1651/C-2404. 
  6. ^ L. Garcia–Florez & P. Fernandez–Rueda. Reproductive biology of spider crab females (Maja brachydactyla) off the coast of Asturias (north-west Spain). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 2000, 80 (6): 1071–1076. doi:10.1017/S0025315400003131. 
  7. ^ Global Capture Production 1950–2004. Food and Agriculture Organization. September 9, 2006 [2018-05-11]. (原始内容存档于2016-01-23). 
  8. ^ Council Regulation (EEC) No 3094/86. Official Journal of the European Economic Community. October 7, 1986 [2018-05-11]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-18). 
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歐洲蜘蛛蟹
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