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龟足

龟足
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
亚门: 甲殼亞門 Crustacea
纲: 鞘甲纲 Thecostraca
目: 铠茗荷目 Scalpellomorpha
科: 指茗荷科 Pollicipedidae
属: 龜足屬 Capitulum
Gray, 1825[1]
种:
龟足 C. mitella
二名法
Capitulum mitella
異名[2]
  • Capitulum mitella Foster, 1980
  • Lepas mitella Linnaeus, 1758
  • Mitella mitella Pilsbry, 1907
  • Pollicipes mitella Sowerby, 1833

龟足(學名:Capitulum mitella),又称jié[3],俗稱:烏龜腳龟足茗荷佛手贝日本鹅藤壶狗爪螺,是指茗荷科龜足屬唯一一個種,通常生活在印度洋-太平洋海域的岩石海岸上。

描述

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龟足有一个很短而坚韧的柄用以支持自身上部区域或者甲壳部分,整个身体达到 5 cm(2英寸) 长。龟足的柄肌肉发达,可收缩,表面覆盖着细小的鳞片。龟足的甲壳由八个大的护套鳞保护,并且在甲壳和柄的关节周围环绕着约二十个微小的鳞片。在这些鳞片内部是一个空腔,空腔中包含着龟足的头部和胸部及其附属物。[4]

分布和栖息地

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龜足在東亞一帶,北至日本北海道西南方,至西到中國東海、南海,至南到馬來群島等地,皆有分布。往往被发现附着在潮间带下部的岩石或其縫隙之間,又或是於其他光滑的岩石表面上与其他个体一起挤在裂缝和凹槽中。龜足经常出现在相同的位置并且与它一起生长,并且原始的藤壶种类Ibla cumingi可以在体型较大的龟足的甲壳之间或着之上生长。[4]

生物学

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在水下时,龟足延伸其五对后胸腿并将其像网一样展开。它使用前面的一对腿来操纵它捕获的物体并将它们移动到嘴里。它的饮食主要由浮游动物组成。[4]

龟足是同时雌雄同体的动物。每个藤壶都能够通过长而细的管子传送精子,并在其地幔腔内孵化自己的卵子,从而使附近的其他个体受精。当卵孵化时,幼虫被释放到海里。他们有六个无节奏周期,在此阶段进行食物储备,其中有一个非进食的cyprid阶段用以寻找适当的硬表面来定居。它然后固定到位,经历变态发育并变成无柄的少年个体。[5]

在香港港口,这个藤壶可以在桩上生长,它通常有一个生活在幔腔内的nemertean蠕虫(Nemertopsis quadripunctatus),并以那里的卵为食。这种蠕虫长8厘米(3英寸),但直径只有1毫米(0.04英寸)。[4]

用途

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龟足是被集中商业化的并被人类食用的十几种鹅颈藤壶中的一种。这些鹅颈藤壶是中国大陸台湾馬祖列島韩国日本西班牙的奢侈食品。[4][6]

参考文献

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Chan, Benny K. K. Capitulum mitella (Linnaeus, 1758). WoRMS. 2012 [2012-12-21]. 
  2. ^ Ren Xianqiu. Capitulum mitella. Animal Information Management System. Catalogue of Life. 2006 [2012-12-21]. [永久失效連結]
  3. ^ 欽定古今圖書集成博物彙編/禽蟲典/第160卷
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Rainbow, Phil. Capitulum mitella. The Natural History Museum. [2012-12-21]. (原始内容存档于2014-01-04). 
  5. ^ Chu Lee; Jeong Min Shim; Chang Hyun Kim. Larval development of Capitulum mitella (Cirripedia: Pedunculata) reared in the laboratory. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK. 2000, 80 (3): 457–464 [2018-12-31]. doi:10.1017/s0025315400002150. (原始内容存档于2016-08-10). 
  6. ^ Suma, Y; Ishizaki, S; Nagashima, Y; Lu, Y; Ushio, H; Shiomi, K. Comparative analysis of barnacle tropomyosin: divergence from decapod tropomyosins and role as a potential allergen. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. 2007, 147 (2): 230–236. PMID 17321773. doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.01.004. 
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龟足
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