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DNA与RNA的比较
项目 DNA RNA 解说
组成主干之糖类分子[1] 2-去氧核糖磷酸 核糖和磷酸
骨架结构 规则的[需要较佳来源][2]:50双螺旋结构[3] 单螺旋结构[需要较佳来源][3]茎环结构[4] 即脱氧核糖核酸由两条脱氧核苷酸链构成,而核糖核酸由一条核糖核苷酸链构成。[2]:49
核苷酸 通常上百万 通常数百至数千个
碱基种类[5][3] 腺嘌呤(A)··· 胸腺嘧啶(T)
胞嘧啶(C)··· 鸟嘌呤(G)
腺嘌呤(A)··· 尿嘧啶(U)
胞嘧啶(C)··· 鸟嘌呤(G)
除部分例外,DNA为胸腺嘧啶(5-甲基尿嘧啶),RNA为尿嘧啶,使RNA更易被水解。
五碳糖种类[3] 脱氧核糖 核糖
五碳糖连接组成分 氢原子 羟基 五碳糖的第二个原子上连接的组成分不同。
存在于(对于真核细胞而言)[3] 细胞核(少量存在于线粒体叶绿体 细胞质

参考资料

  1. ^ Berg J., Tymoczko J. and Stryer L. (2002) Biochemistry. W. H. Freeman and Company ISBN 0-7167-4955-6
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 薛金星. 中学教材全解 工具版 高中生物必修1 分子与细胞. 陕西人民教育出版社. ISBN 9787545015751. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 人民教育出版社. 生物1 必修 分子与细胞. ISBN 9787107176708. 
  4. ^ Setubal, João Carlos. Meidanis, João. Introduction to computational molecular biology. 主编 聂理.《分子生物学导论》. World Pub. Corperation. 2003. ISBN 7-5062-6574-5. OCLC 880306796. 
  5. ^ 生命的螺旋-DNA與RNA. 国立科学工艺博物馆. 
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模板:DNA与RNA的比较
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