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非编码核糖核酸

非编码核糖核酸(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)是指各种不翻译蛋白质RNA分子。过去也称此类RNA为小核糖核酸(sRNA)。不过有些ncRNA分子其实相当大。其他较少使用的同义词还有非信使核糖核酸(nmRNA)、小非信使核糖核酸(snmRNA)或功能性核糖核酸(fRNA)等。

DNA序列中专门转录成非编码RNA的部分称为RNA基因或是非编码RNA基因。非编码RNA基因用来生产tRNA(转移RNA)与rRNA(核糖体RNA),以及一些小RNA,如snoRNAs、microRNAs、siRNAs与piRNAs;较大的则有Xist、Evf、Air、CTN与PINK等。

基因组中可生产非编码RNA的DNA比例目前仍未明了,最近的转录组及微阵列研究显示,在老鼠基因组中,可能有超过3万个长ncRNA。mRNA(信使RNA)末端也含有一些非编码区域(non-coding regions;UTRs),虽然这些部分并非蛋白质编码,但mRNA并不归类于非编码RNA。

外部链接

  • The Rfam Database
  • Non-coding RNA database
  • EumiR prediction of microRNA precursors based on Support Vector Machine.
  • HairpinFetcher Prediction and analysis of hairpin forming potential in nucleic acids.
  • RNA@IGIB group at the Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology working on functional noncoding RNA biology.
  • Wikiomics/RNA Provides links to a variety of ncRNA analysis tools for structure prediction, sequence alignment and homology search.
  • miRacle Provides target search for microRNAs and other small non-coding RNAs based on an algorithm which incorporates RNA secondary structure.
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非编码核糖核酸
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