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超级木星

环绕恒星HD 29587的棕矮星HD 29587 B的想像图,质量大约是木星的55倍。

超级木星super-Jupiter)是指质量远大于木星的次恒星天体,通常是指状态处于行星与棕矮星分界上的次恒星伴星英语Substellar companion,例如仙女座恒星螣蛇廿一伴星[1]

概要

直到2011年已发现180颗超级木星,部分是高温行星[2]。即使这些超级木星的质量都高于木星,但质量在80倍木星质量以下的超级木星其体积都大约与木星相同[2],代表超级木星的表面重力与密度随着质量成比例上升[2]。随质量增加上升的重力会对行星压缩,让超级木星维持在一定体积[2] 。相较之下,部分质量低于木星的系外气体巨行星体积却较木星大,即体积极大,但密度极低的“蓬松行星”[3]。蓬松行星的一个例子HAT-P-1b的质量只有约木星的一半,但直径却是木星的1.38倍[3]

实例

柯洛3b是一颗体积为木星22倍的系外行星[4],而它的平均密度为26.4 g/cm3,高于标准状态下密度最高的元素(22.6 g/cm3)。行星内部物质被极度压缩使其密度极高,这是因为它可能主要由组成[5]。而柯洛3b的表面重力也高达地球的50倍以上[4]

2012年发现的超级木星仙女座κb英语Kappa Andromedae b质量约为木星的13倍[1],与母恒星距离为海王星与太阳距离的1.8倍[6]

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Astronomers Directly Image Massive Star's 'Super-Jupiter'. NASA. 19 November 2012 [26 June 2013]. (原始内容存档于2012-12-01). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Kitchin, Chris. Exoplanets: Finding, Exploring, and Understanding Alien Worlds. 2012: 167–168. ISBN 9781461406440. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Chang, Kenneth. Puzzling Puffy Planet, Less Dense Than Cork, Is Discovered. The New York Times. 2010-11-11 [2016-05-27]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-15). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Deleuil, M.; Deeg, H. J.; Alonso, R.; Bouchy, F.; Rouan, D.; Auvergne, M.; Baglin, A.; Aigrain, S.; Almenara, J. M.; et al. Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission. VI. CoRoT-Exo-3b: the first secure inhabitant of the brown-dwarf desert. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2008, 491 (3): 889–897. Bibcode:2008A&A...491..889D. arXiv:0810.0919可免费查阅. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200810625. 
  5. ^ Baraffe, I.; Chabrier, G.; Barman, T. S.; Allard, F.; Hauschildt, P. H. Evolutionary models for cool brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets. The case of HD 209458. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2003, 402 (2): 701–712. Bibcode:2003A&A...402..701B. arXiv:astro-ph/0302293可免费查阅. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030252. 
  6. ^ Image of the "super-Jupiter" Kappa Andromedae b. NASA/JPL. 19 November 2012 [26 June 2013]. (原始内容存档于2013-06-12). 

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超级木星
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