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磷化镓

磷化镓
IUPAC名
gallanylidynephosphane
识别
CAS号 12063-98-8  checkY
PubChem 82901
ChemSpider 74803
SMILES
 
  • [Ga]#P
InChI
 
  • 1/Ga.P/rGaP/c1-2
InChIKey HZXMRANICFIONG-ZZOGKRAHAQ
RTECS LW9675000
性质
化学式 GaP
摩尔质量 100.697 g·mol⁻¹
外观 淡橙色固体
气味 无味
密度 4.138 g/cm3
熔点 1477 °C(1750 K)
溶解性 不溶于水
能隙 2.26 eV (300 K) eV
电子迁移率 250 cm2/(V*s) (300 K)
热导率 1.1 W/(cm*K) (300 K)
折光度n
D
3.02 (2.48 µm), 3.19 (840 nm), 3.45 (550 nm), 4.30 (262 nm)
结构
晶体结构 闪锌矿
空间群 T2d-F-43m
晶格常数 a = 545.05 pm
配位几何 四面体
危险性
NFPA 704
1
3
1
 
相关物质
其他阴离子 氮化镓
砷化镓
锑化镓
其他阳离子 磷化铝
磷化铟
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

磷化镓GaP)是镓的磷化物,是无机化合物,也是半导体材料,其间接能隙为2.26eV(300K)。其多晶的材料为淡橙色。未掺入杂质的单晶芯片会是透明的橙色,但大量掺入杂质的芯片因为吸收自由电子,其颜色会变深。磷化镓无味,不会溶于水。

若要变成N型半导体,需要掺杂或是,若要制作P型半导体,需要掺杂锌。

磷化镓常用在光学系统中,其折射率在波长262 nm (UV)时为4.30,波长550 nm (green)时为3.45,波长840 nm(IR)时为3.19[1]

发光二极管

自1960年代起,磷化镓就会用来做低价的红色、绿色及橘色发光二极管,亮度低至中等都有。在大电流时其寿命较短,其寿命对温度也相当敏感,一般会独立使用,或是配合磷砷化镓英语Gallium arsenide phosphide使用。

纯的磷化镓会发波长555 nm的绿光,掺杂的会发出波长565 nm的黄绿光,掺杂氧化锌的会发红光(700 nm)。

磷化镓会被黄光及红光穿透,因此磷化镓为基板的磷砷化镓会比以砷化镓为基板的要好。

在温度到900 °C时,磷化镓会分解,并且磷会以气体方式离开。在LED芯片成长时,温度会到1500度,为避免前叙情形,需将磷密封在熔化的氧化硼中,并用10-100大气压力的不活性气体加压。此程序称为液体密封切克劳斯基法(LEC),是硅芯片制程中柴可拉斯基法的变形。

相关条目

相关材料

合金

外部链接

参考资料

  1. ^ 存档副本. [2015-12-18]. (原始内容存档于2010-11-13). 
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磷化镓
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