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瘦子 (原子弹)

瘦子原子弹
"Thin Man" plutonium gun test casings
类型原子弹核子武器
原产地 美国
生产历史
研发者洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室
基本规格
长度17英尺(5.2米)
直径38英寸(97厘米)

填充
曼哈顿计划中阿尔伯达计划的一部分,位于温多弗军用机场的“瘦子”钚枪实验的壳体。在背景上,还能看到为“胖子”马克3号设计的壳体。

“瘦子”(正式名称为马克2号原子弹是一种拟议的枪式原子弹,在美国进行曼哈顿计划时研制。当人们发现增殖反应堆自发裂变率过高,不能应用于枪式原子弹时,它便被取消而中途夭折了。[1]

规格

“瘦子”的原理——“钚子弹”击中“靶”引发链式反应

“瘦子”是一种早期核武器设计,早在钚在核反应堆铀238辐射下成功增殖之前就被提出了。它的原理基于钚能像铀一样,可通过简单的射击,使一块亚临界钚到另一块亚临界钚中而达到临界质量的假设。为了避免提前爆炸,“钚子弹”至少要加速到910 m/s。如果达不到的话,钚就会在完全压缩之前开始核裂变,过早地把自己炸成碎片。

据估计,马克2号长5.5米,直径0.61米。之所以造得那么长,就是为了让“钚子弹”在击中“靶”前达到足够高的速度。最后的马克2号武器模型大约重3400千克。

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ Joy Hakim,A History of Us: War, Peace and all that Jazz,Oxford University Press,1995 New York,0-19-509514-6
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瘦子 (原子弹)
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