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价值链 .
企业价值链 价值链 (Value chain),又名价值链分析 、价值链模型 等。由迈克尔·波特 在1985年,于《竞争优势》一书中提出的。波特指出企业 要发展独特的竞争优势 ,要为其商品及服务 创造更高附加价值 ,商业 策略 是结构企业的经营模式(流程),成为一系列的增值过程,而此一连串的增值流程,就是“价值链”。
一般企业的价值链主要分为:[1]
主要活动(Primary Activities),包括企业的核心生产与销售程序:
进货物流 (Inbound Logistics),即来料储运,缔属资源市场
制造营运(Operations),即加工生产,缔属制造商市场
出货物流(Outbound Logistics),即成品储运,缔属中间商市场
市场 行销(Marketing and Sales),即市场营销 (4P ),缔属消费者市场
售后服务(After sales service)
以上为产生价值 的环节。
支援活动(Support Activities),包括支援核心营运活动的其他活动,又称共同运作环节:
经营与管理(Administration and Management)training
人力资源管理 (Human resources management)training
技术发展(Technology development),即技术研发(R&D )
采购 (Procurement),即采购管理
以上活动利于资产评估,为辅助性增值环节。
相关
成本优势(Cost advantage)
差异化(Differentiation)
竞争者 及潜在竞争者的分析
价值系统(value system)包括:
供应商 价值链
企业价值链
通路价值链
消费者价值链
产业链 (industry chain)
微笑曲线
整体产业分析:PEST分析 、产品生命周期 曲线定位、产业链分析、价值系统分析,微笑曲线分析。
个体企业分析:价值链分析,五力分析 ,BCG矩阵 分析,GE矩阵分析,SWOT分析 。
外包 非核心业务(Outsourcing)
为省成本,必须删除无增值的环节(Process re-engineering)
外部参考
^ KennethC.Laudon,Jane P.Laudon. Management Information Systems 16th edition. pearson. 2019-08-02: 136. ISBN 978-1292296562 (英语) .
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