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三氟化磷

三氟化磷
Structure and dimensions of phosphorus trifluoride
Space-filling model of phosphorus trifluoride
IUPAC名
Phosphorus trifluoride
Phosphorus(III) fluoride
Trifluorophosphane
Trifluoridophosphorus
别名 氟化磷(III)
识别
CAS号 7783-55-3  checkY
PubChem 62665
ChemSpider 56416
SMILES
 
  • FP(F)F
InChI
 
  • 1/F3P/c1-4(2)3
InChIKey WKFBZNUBXWCCHG-UHFFFAOYAK
ChEBI 30205
RTECS TH3850000
性质
化学式 PF3
摩尔质量 87.968971 g·mol⁻¹
外观 无色气体
密度 3.91 g/L(气态)
熔点 -151.5 °C(122 K)
沸点 -101.8 °C(171 K)
溶解性 缓慢水解
结构
分子构型 三角锥
偶极矩 1.03 D
危险性
NFPA 704
0
3
1
 
闪点 不可燃
相关物质
其他阴离子 三氯化磷
三溴化磷
三碘化磷
磷化氢
其他阳离子 三氟化氮
三氟化砷
三氟化锑
三氟化铋
相关化合物 一氧化碳
相关化学品 五氟化磷
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

三氟化磷是一种无色无味的气体,化学式为PF3,高毒,可以和水缓慢反应。它在配合物中可以作为配体,与一氧化碳(羰基)作为配体时性质相似。[1]其毒性机理和一氧化碳类似,与血红蛋白中的铁结合成稳定物质。它在过渡金属配合物中可以作为强的π受体,[2]能够和过渡金属形成低价配合物。三氟化磷可以形成一些配合物,而相应羰基配合物不稳定或不存在。如Pd(PF3)4是已知的,Pd(CO)4却未有报道。[3][4][5]

制备

三氟化磷可以由三氯化磷和各种氟化物(如氟化氢氟化钙三氟化砷三氟化锑氟化锌)反应而成:[6][7][8]

2 PCl3 + 3 ZnF2 → 2 PF3 + 3 ZnCl2

危害

PF3是剧毒,毒性与光气相当。[9]

参考文献

  1. ^ Chatt, J. The Co-Ordinate Link in Chemistry. Nature. 1950, 165 (4199): 637–638. PMID 15416738. doi:10.1038/165637a0. 
  2. ^ Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997: 494. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4. 
  3. ^ Nicholls, D. Complexes and First-Row Transition Elements. London: Macmillan Press. 1973. 
  4. ^ Kruck, T. Trifluorphosphin-Komplexe von Übergangsmetallen. Angewandte Chemie. 1967, 79 (1): 27–43. doi:10.1002/ange.19670790104. 
  5. ^ Clark, R. J.; Busch, M. A. Stereochemical Studies of Metal Carbonyl-Phosphorus Trifluoride Complexes. Accounts of Chemical Research. 1973, 6 (7): 246–252. doi:10.1021/ar50067a005. 
  6. ^ Williams, A. A.; Parry, R. W.; Dess, H. Phosphorus(III) Fluoride. Inorganic Syntheses. 1957, 5: 95–97. doi:10.1002/9780470132364.ch26. 
  7. ^ Dubrisay, R. Pascal, P. , 编. Azote-Phosphore. Nouveau Traité de Chimie Minérale 10. Paris, France: Masson. 1956. ISBN 978-2-225-57123-7. 
  8. ^ Clark, R. J.; Belefant, H.; Williamson, S. M. Phosphorus Trifluoride. Inorganic Syntheses. 1990, 28: 310–315. ISBN 978-0-470-13259-3. doi:10.1002/9780470132593.ch77. 
  9. ^ Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4. 

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三氟化磷
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