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西加鱼毒中毒

雪卡毒素(Ciguatoxin 1B)

西加鱼毒中毒(英語:Ciguatera fish poisoning,縮寫:CFP),又称肌肉毒魚類中毒,是指由西加鱼毒素刺尾鱼毒素岩沙海葵毒素等中毒而引起的食物中毒。其中最主要的是西加鱼毒素(雪卡毒素),是由底栖微藻等渦鞭毛藻類分泌产生的神经性毒素。这些毒素经过食物链向上层逐漸造成毒性的生物累積,从而影响到人類。

影响区域、条件

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一般來說魚類因為食物鏈的關係,都有可能累積少量的此毒素,而常聚居於珊瑚礁一帶覓食的海魚較可能含有較高濃度,常見的有油𩺬金錢龍躉藍瓜子斑老虎斑老鼠斑蘇眉西星斑豹星斑燕尾星斑紅鰽杉斑東星斑等。[1]

人類若進食大魚,只要少量魚肉便可能引起中毒,此外,患者對此毒素不但沒有免疫能力,相反,日後若再次接觸到毒素,就算只是很少的份量,也會產生中毒徵狀。另外,患者亦應避免喝酒及吃花生或豆類食物,以防加劇中毒的病徵。

症状

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在進食含雪卡毒素的海魚數小時後,會出現腸胃、神經系統或造成心臟及血管不適的現象。主要病徵包括嘔吐、腹瀉、四肢及口角麻痹、冷熱感覺顛倒、關節及肌肉疼痛等;病徵可維持數天至數星期不等。導致死亡或傷殘的數量據報每年在20000-50000人之間,但未獲醫生報告的病例可能有相當數量。

參考文獻

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  1. ^ 進食珊瑚魚-慎防肌肉毒魚類中毒. 香港特别行政區政府 食物安全中心. [2019-11-01]. (原始内容存档于2019-11-08). 
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西加鱼毒中毒
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