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血清素综合症

血清素症候群
Serotonin syndrome
血清素(5-羟色胺)
症状高燒、激動、反射亢進英语Hyperreflexia顫抖、流汗、瞳孔放大腹瀉[1][2]
起病年龄一天之內[2]
类型advers effect of psychopharmacological medication[*]rare disease with malignant hyperthermia[*]
病因选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRI)、5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂 (SNRI)、单胺氧化酶抑制剂(MAOI)、三环类抗抑郁药(TCAs)、苯丙胺哌替啶曲马多右美沙芬昂丹司琼可卡因[2]
診斷方法依症狀及使用藥品而定[2]
鑑別診斷抗精神病藥物惡性症候群英语Neuroleptic malignant syndrome恶性高热抗膽鹼毒性中暑脑膜炎[2]
治療積極降溫英语active cooling[1]
藥物苯二氮䓬类赛庚啶[1]
患病率不明[3]
分类和外部资源
醫學專科重症醫學, 精神病学
ICD-9-CM333.99
DiseasesDB30044
MedlinePlus007272
eMedicine1011436
Orphanet43116
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

血清素症候群(Serotonin syndrome)是在使用血清素類英语serotonergic藥物或是物質後,可能會出現的一些症狀[1]。症狀的程度從輕微到嚴重不等[2]。症狀包括高燒、激動、反射亢進英语Hyperreflexia顫抖瞳孔放大腹瀉[1][2],體溫可能會超過41.1 °C(106.0 °F)[2]。併發症包括癲癇發作横纹肌溶解症[2]

血清素症候群一般是使用二種或二種以上的血清素類英语serotonergic藥物或是物質所造成的[2]。這類藥物包括选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRI)、5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂(SNRI)、单胺氧化酶抑制剂(MAOI)、三环类抗抑郁药(TCA)、苯丙胺哌替啶曲马多右美沙芬丁螺環酮、L-色氨酸5-羟色氨酸聖約翰草翠普登英语TriptanMDMA甲氧氯普胺昂丹司琼或是可卡因[2]。在SSRI用藥過量的案例中,有15%出現血清素綜合症[3]。血清素綜合症是針對中樞神經系統過量使用血清素後,可預期的結果[4]。症狀一般會在用藥過量之後的一天發生[2]

診斷是依照病患的症斷以及以往使用藥物為準[2],診斷需要先排除其他類似症狀的疾病,例如抗精神病藥物惡性症候群英语Neuroleptic malignant syndrome恶性高热抗膽鹼毒性中暑脑膜炎等症狀[2]。無法用醫學檢查來驗證其診斷[2]

初步的治療包括停用可能造成血清素症候群的藥物[1],若是病患躁動,可以使用苯二氮䓬类藥物[1],若藥效還是不足,會使用是像是赛庚啶之類的血清素拮抗劑英语Serotonin receptor antagonist[1]。若是發高燒的病患,需要積極降溫英语active cooling[1]。目前沒有每年血清素症候群病例的數據[3]。若配合適當的治療,其死亡率小於1%[5]。發生在1984年的莉比·锡安之死,一般認為是因為血清素症候群而導致死亡,因此也改變了紐約州畢業後醫學教育[4][6]

相關條目

參考資料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Ferri, Fred F. Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017: 5 Books in 1. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2016: 1154–1155. ISBN 9780323448383. (原始内容存档于2016-08-21) (英语). 
  2. ^ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 Volpi-Abadie, J.; Kaye, A. M.; Kaye, A. D. Serotonin syndrome.. The Ochsner journal. 2013, 13 (4): 533–40. PMC 3865832可免费查阅. PMID 24358002. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Domino, Frank J.; Baldor, Robert A. The 5-Minute Clinical Consult 2014. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2013: 1124. ISBN 9781451188509. (原始内容存档于2016-08-21) (英语). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Boyer, E. W.; Shannon, M. The serotonin syndrome (PDF). N Engl J Med. 2005, 352 (11): 1112–20 [2018-06-03]. PMID 15784664. doi:10.1056/NEJMra041867. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-06-18). 
  5. ^ Friedman, Joseph H. Medication-Induced Movement Disorders. Cambridge University Press. 2015: 51. ISBN 9781107066007. (原始内容存档于2016-08-21) (英语). 
  6. ^ Brensilver JM, Smith L, Lyttle CS. Impact of the Libby Zion case on graduate medical education in internal medicine. Mt Sinai J Med. 1998, 65 (4): 296–300. PMID 9757752. 

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血清素综合症
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