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不寧腿綜合症

不寧腿綜合症
Restless legs syndrome
同义词Willis-Ekbom disease (WED),[1] Wittmaack-Ekbom syndrome
患者(紅)與正常人(藍)的睡眠節奏
症状患者腿部有一種令人不快的感覺,需要透過腿部移動才能改善[2]
併發症白天打瞌睡、白天的時候缺乏活力、敏感焦躁、易怒和抑郁[2]
起病年龄常見於中老年[3]
类型中樞神經系統疾病疾病
风险因素缺铁
腎功能衰竭
帕金森氏症
糖尿病
類風濕性關節炎
妊娠
某些藥物[2][4][5]
診斷方法需先排除其他可能造成相同症狀的原因[6]
治療改變生活習慣、
藥物[2]
藥物L-多巴
多巴胺激動劑英语Dopamine agonist[4]
患病率2.5–15%(美國)[4]
分类和外部资源
醫學專科睡眠醫學英语Sleep medicine
ICD-117A80
ICD-10G25.8
ICD-9-CM333.94、​333.99
OMIM102300
DiseasesDB29476
MedlinePlus000807
eMedicine1188327
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

不寧腿綜合症(英語:restless legs syndrome, RLS),又稱睡眠腿動症不安腿综合征腿不寧症候群Willis-Ekbom病Wittmaack-Ekbom症候群是一種強烈想要讓腿部移動的障礙[2]。平常患者腿部有一種令人不快的感覺,這種感覺會隨著腿部移動而有所改善[2],不適感可能是疼痛、刺痛或是蟲爬感[2],雙臂偶爾也可能受到影響[2]。 不寧腿綜合症通常在休息時發生,因此可能使患者難以入睡[2]。 由於睡眠不良,患者可能會在白天嗜睡、精力不集中、煩躁不安和情緒低落[2]。此外,許多人在睡眠時都有肢體抽動英语Periodic limb movement disorder的狀況[7]

导致不寧腿綜合症的危险因素包括缺铁腎功能衰竭帕金森氏症糖尿病類風濕性關節炎和妊娠。[2][4] 一些药物治疗也会触发症状。包括抗抑郁药抗精神病药抗組織胺藥钙离子通道阻滞剂[5]。不寧腿綜合症主要有以下两个类型[2]。一种是早期的发病,在45岁之前。發生在家族中,随着时间推移而恶化。另一种是后期的发病,在45岁之后,突然发生并且不会恶化[2]。诊断通常是在排除了其他潜在因素之后,根据病人的症状而定。[6]

如果能處理好潛在問題,就可以解決不寧腿症候群的狀況[8];其他治療方式包括改變生活方式和藥物治療[2]有助於消除不寧腿症候群的生活方式改變包括戒酒、戒菸、以及睡眠衛教英语sleep hygiene[8];藥物使用包括左旋多巴多巴胺激動劑英语Dopamine agonist,如普拉克索英语Pramipexole[4]。不寧腿症候群大約影響美國人口中的2.5-15%[4];性別方面,女性比男性更易受影響;隨著年齡漸增也會更常見。[3]

症状

不寧腿綜合症的感覺包括疼痛或肌肉疼痛,“有搔癢卻不能抓到”、一种“嗡嗡的感觉”、一种令人不快的“搔癢感”、“爬行”的感觉,或者在醒著的时候肢体抽搐。這種感覺通常在沒有影響的狀況下出現,比如放鬆、閱讀、學習或者嘗試入睡。[9]

这是一种“谱性障碍英语Spectrum disorder”疾病。有些人只经历了一点小烦恼,而另一些人则在生活品質上有严重的睡眠和缺陷。[10]

病因

不寧腿綜合症通常是由于缺铁导致的,这一情况占病因20%。[11] 一项在2007年发表的研究显示34%的不寧腿綜合症是由于缺铁导致的。[12]

历史

已知最早对于不寧腿綜合症的描述是于1672年由托马斯·威里司所作。[13] 威里司强调具有不寧腿綜合症的人群会睡觉中断并且具有肢体动作。这个最初用拉丁文发表(《The London Practice of Physick》,1685年)

争议

一些医生表示不寧腿綜合症的症状过去曾被一些制药公司夸大。[14] 其他人认为这是一种被低估和未得到治疗的疾病[15]。此外,葛蘭素史克还制作了一些广告。虽然没有推广使用他们的药物来治疗不寧腿綜合症,但是这个广告可以链接到一个支持Ekbom小组的网站。该网站建议使用罗匹尼罗来治疗不寧腿綜合症。英国制药工业协会对葛兰素史克这种方式表示反对。[16]

参考资料

  1. ^ Restless Legs Syndrome Foundation is now the Willis-Ekbom Disease Foundation. 2013 [2017-07-14]. (原始内容存档于2013-09-15). 
  2. ^ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 What Is Restless Legs Syndrome?. NHLBI. November 1, 2010 [19 August 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-21). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Who Is at Risk for Restless Legs Syndrome?. NHLBI. November 1, 2010 [19 August 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-26). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Ramar, K; Olson, EJ. Management of common sleep disorders.. American Family Physician. Aug 15, 2013, 88 (4): 231–8. PMID 23944726. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 What Causes Restless Legs Syndrome?. NHLBI. November 1, 2010 [19 August 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-20). 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 How Is Restless Legs Syndrome Diagnosed?. NHLBI. November 1, 2010 [19 August 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-27). 
  7. ^ What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Restless Legs Syndrome?. NHLBI. November 1, 2010 [19 August 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-27). 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 How Is Restless Legs Syndrome Treated?. NHLBI. November 1, 2010 [19 August 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-27). 
  9. ^ Allen, R; Picchietti, D; Hening, WA; Trenkwalder, C; Walters, AS; Montplaisi, J; Restless Legs Syndrome Diagnosis Epidemiology workshop at the National Institutes of Health; International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Restless legs syndrome: diagnostic criteria, special considerations, and epidemiology A report from the restless legs syndrome diagnosis and epidemiology workshop at the National Institutes of Health. Sleep Medicine. 2003, 4 (2): 101–19. PMID 14592341. doi:10.1016/S1389-9457(03)00010-8. 
  10. ^ Earley, Christopher J.; Silber, Michael H. Restless legs syndrome: Understanding its consequences and the need for better treatment. Sleep Medicine. 2010, 11 (9): 807–15. PMID 20817595. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.07.007. 
  11. ^ Restless legs syndrome: detection and management in primary care. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Working Group on Restless Legs Syndrome. American family physician. 2000, 62 (1): 108–14. PMID 10905782. 
  12. ^ Rangarajan, Sunad; d'Souza, George Albert. Restless legs syndrome in Indian patients having iron deficiency anemia in a tertiary care hospital. Sleep Medicine. 2007, 8 (3): 247–51. PMID 17368978. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2006.10.004. 
  13. ^ Coccagna, G; Vetrugno, R; Lombardi, C; Provini, F. Restless legs syndrome: an historical note. Sleep Medicine. 2004, 5 (3): 279–83. PMID 15165536. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2004.01.002. 
  14. ^ Woloshin, Steven; Schwartz, Lisa M. Giving Legs to Restless Legs: A Case Study of How the Media Helps Make People Sick. PLoS Medicine. 2006, 3 (4): e170. PMC 1434499可免费查阅. PMID 16597175. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030170. 
  15. ^ Gamaldo, C. E.; Earley, C. J. Restless Legs Syndrome: A Clinical Update. Chest. 2006, 130 (5): 1596–604. PMID 17099042. doi:10.1378/chest.130.5.1596. 
  16. ^ Templeton, Sarah-Kate. Glaxo's cure for 'restless legs' was an unlicensed drug. Times Online (Times Newspapers Ltd.). August 6, 2006 [2009-07-24]. (原始内容存档于2007-02-11). 

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不寧腿綜合症
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