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沙丁胺醇

沙丁胺醇
Salbutamol (top),
(R)-(−)-salbutamol (center) and
(S)-(+)-salbutamol (bottom)
臨床資料
商品名英语Drug nomenclatureVentolin, Proventil, others[1]
其他名稱Albuterol (USAN US)
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
核准狀況
懷孕分級
给药途径口服、吸入、靜脈注射
ATC碼
法律規範狀態
法律規範
藥物動力學數據
药物代谢肝臟
藥效起始時間英语Onset of action<15 min(吸入劑)、<30 min(錠劑)[5]
生物半衰期3.8–6 小時
作用時間2–6 hrs[5]
排泄途徑
识别信息
  • (RS)-4-[2-(tert-Butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol
CAS号18559-94-9  checkY
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ECHA InfoCard100.038.552 編輯維基數據鏈接
化学信息
化学式C13H21NO3
摩尔质量239.311 g/mol
3D模型(JSmol英语JSmol
手性外消旋混合物
  • OCc1cc(ccc1O)C(O)CNC(C)(C)C
  • InChI=1S/C13H21NO3/c1-13(2,3)14-7-12(17)9-4-5-11(16)10(6-9)8-15/h4-6,12,14-17H,7-8H2,1-3H3 checkY
  • Key:NDAUXUAQIAJITI-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY

沙丁胺醇(Salbutamol),常見商品名泛得林(Ventolin)[1],為一種用於擴張肺部大型及中型氣管的藥物[5]。本品可用於治療氣喘相關病症,例如氣喘急性發作、運動誘發性支氣管收縮英语exercise-induced bronchoconstriction,以及慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)[5]。本品亦可用於治療高血鉀[7]。沙丁胺醇常配合定量吸入器英语metered-dose inhaler霧化器使用,但亦可製成藥錠或靜脈注射[5][8]。吸入劑型約15分鐘內即可見效,效用可持續2至6小時[5]

常見副作用包含搖晃、頭痛、心跳过速、暈眩,以及焦慮等等[5]。嚴重副作用則包含惡化支氣管痙攣心律不整,以及低血鉀[5]妊娠哺乳期間可以用藥,但其安全性尚未完全明瞭[5][9]。本品屬於速效型β2肾上腺素受体激动药,可促進平滑肌舒張[5]

沙丁胺醇最早於1967年於英國發現,並於1969年上市[10]。1982年美國核准用於醫藥[5]。本品列名於世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单。為基礎公衛體系必備藥物之一[11]。本品為通用名药物[5]。2014年,每瓶含有200劑量的吸入器於发展中国家的價格約介於1.12至2.64美金之間[12]。在美國,每月劑量約界於25至50美金之間[13]

參見

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參考文獻

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Salbutamol. Drugs.com. [11 April 2016]. (原始内容存档于30 March 2016). 
  2. ^ Thereaputic Goods Administration. Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database. Australian Government. [2017-07-11]. (原始内容存档于2016-12-20). 
  3. ^ Thereaputic Goods Administration. Poisons Standard October 2017. Australian Government. [2018-01-31]. (原始内容存档于2018-01-11). 
  4. ^ Prescription Drug List. Government of Canada. [2017-07-11]. (原始内容存档于2017-07-12). 
  5. ^ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 Albuterol. Drugs.com. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [Dec 2, 2015]. (原始内容存档于2015-12-08). 
  6. ^ HSDB:Albuterol. ToxNet. US National Library of Medicine. [2017-07-11]. (原始内容存档于2017-09-14). 
  7. ^ Mahoney, BA; Smith, WA; Lo, DS; Tsoi, K; Tonelli, M; Clase, CM. Emergency interventions for hyperkalaemia.. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 18 April 2005, (2): CD003235. PMID 15846652. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003235.pub2. 
  8. ^ Starkey, ES; Mulla, H; Sammons, HM; Pandya, HC. Intravenous salbutamol for childhood asthma: evidence-based medicine? (PDF). Archives of Disease in Childhood. September 2014, 99 (9): 873–7. PMID 24938536. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2013-304467. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-09-08). 
  9. ^ Yaffe, Sumner J. Drugs in pregnancy and lactation : a reference guide to fetal and neonatal risk 9th. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2011: 32. ISBN 9781608317080. (原始内容存档于2015-12-08). 
  10. ^ Landau, Ralph. Pharmaceutical innovation : revolutionizing human health. Philadelphia: Chemical Heritage Press. 1999: 226. ISBN 9780941901215. (原始内容存档于2015-12-08). 
  11. ^ WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List) (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015 [8 December 2016]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于13 December 2016). 
  12. ^ Salbutamol. International Drug Price Indicator Guide. [5 December 2015]. (原始内容存档于2018-01-22). 
  13. ^ Hamilton, Richart. Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2015: 448. ISBN 9781284057560. 

外部連結

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沙丁胺醇
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