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平滑肌

平滑肌
平滑肌组织
Layers of Esophageal Wall:
  1. 黏膜
  2. 黏膜下層
  3. Muscularis externa英语Muscularis externa
  4. Adventitia英语Adventitia
  5. Striated muscle英语Striated muscle
  6. Striated and smooth
  7. 平滑肌
  8. Lamina muscularis mucosae英语muscularis mucosae
  9. 食道腺
标识字符
拉丁文textus muscularis levis; textus muscularis nonstriatus
MeSHD009130
THH2.00.05.1.00001
FMAFMA:14070
解剖學術語

平滑肌,是非横纹肌肌肉组织。在人体,平滑肌分布在动脉静脉血管管壁、膀胱子宫男性女性生殖道消化道呼吸道眼睛睫状肌虹膜。平滑肌与骨骼肌心肌在结构、功能、耦合机制、收缩状态等均相异。

平滑肌受自主神经支配,为不随意肌。平滑肌同时也受內分泌系統的间接控制。平滑肌的伸缩源自神经激素的刺激。

功能上的分類

儘管體內各器官所含的平滑肌在功能特性上判別很大,但一般可分為兩大類:

多單位(multi-unit)平滑肌

多單位平滑肌細胞在活動時各自獨立,類似骨骼肌細胞,如豎毛肌、虹膜肌、瞬膜肌(貓)、以及大血管平滑肌等,它們各細胞的活動受外來神經支配或受擴散到各細胞的激素的影響。

單位(single-unit)平滑肌

類似心肌組織,其中各細胞通過細胞間的電耦聯而可以進行同步活動,這類平滑肌大都具有自律性,在沒有外來神經支配時也可進行近于正常的收縮活動(由于起搏細胞的自律性和內在神經叢的作用),以胃腸、子宮、輸尿管平滑肌為代表。

其他

還有一些平滑肌兼有兩方面的特點,很難歸入哪一類,如小動脈和小靜脈平滑肌一般認為屬于多單位平滑肌,但又有自律性;膀胱平滑肌沒有自律性,但在遇到牽拉時可作為一個整體起反應,故也列入單位平滑肌。

参见

外部連結

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平滑肌
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