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氯酸

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氯酸
别名 氯酸(V)
识别
CAS号 7790-93-4  checkY
PubChem 19654
ChemSpider 18513
SMILES
 
  • O=Cl(=O)O
InChI
 
  • 1/ClHO3/c2-1(3)4/h(H,2,3,4)
InChIKey XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYAG
UN编号 2626
性质
化学式 HClO3
摩尔质量 84.45914 g·mol⁻¹
外观 无色溶液
密度 1 g/mL (溶液、估计值)
溶解性 >40 g/100 ml (20 °C)
pKa −2.7[1]
结构
分子构型 三角锥
危险性
主要危害 氧化性
相关物质
其他阴离子 溴酸碘酸
其他阳离子 氯酸铵氯酸钠
氯酸钾
相关化学品 盐酸次氯酸
亚氯酸高氯酸
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

氯酸,化学式为HClO3,是含氧酸之一,其中氯的氧化态为+5。它具强酸性pKa=−2.7)及强氧化性,可用于制取多种氯酸盐

它可由氯酸钡硫酸反应,并滤去硫酸钡沉淀得到:

Ba(ClO3)2 + H2SO4 → 2HClO3 + BaSO4

或用次氯酸加热歧化的反应制取:

3HClO → HClO3 + 2 HCl

浓度在30%以下的氯酸冷溶液都是稳定的,40%的溶液也可由减压下小心蒸发制取,但是在加热时会分解,产物不一:

8HClO3 → 4HClO4 + 2H2O + 2Cl2 + 3 O2
3HClO3 → HClO4 + H2O + 2 ClO2

热力学上,氯酸是不稳定的,会自发发生歧化反应

参见

[编辑]

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^ Holleman, Arnold F.; Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils. Lehrbuch der anorganischen Chemie. Berlin. 2007. ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1. OCLC 180963521 (德语). 
  • Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4. 
  • King, R. B. (Ed.) (1994) Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 2, p. 658. Chichester:Wiley. ISBN 0-471-93620-0.
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氯酸
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