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亚氯酸

亚氯酸
IUPAC名
Chlorous acid
别名 氯酸(III)
识别
CAS号 13898-47-0  checkY
PubChem 24453
ChemSpider 22861
SMILES
 
  • O[Cl+][O-]
InChI
 
  • 1/ClHO2/c2-1-3/h(H,2,3)
InChIKey QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYAO
ChEBI 29219
KEGG C01486
性质
化学式 HClO2
摩尔质量 68.46 g·mol⁻¹
pKa 1.95±0.02[1] · [2] · [3]
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

亚氯酸(III)的含氧酸化学式为HClO2,是一种弱酸,但在酸性溶液中是一种极强的氧化剂。纯亚氯酸不稳定,容易分解为盐酸氯酸二氧化氯,但生成的盐类——亚氯酸盐相对稳定,亚氯酸钠是生产二氧化氯的原料之一。

HClO2可由亚氯酸钡与稀硫酸的反应制备:

Ba(ClO2)2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2HClO2

滤去硫酸钡沉淀即可得亚氯酸溶液。

性质

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纯亚氯酸不稳定,会歧化次氯酸 HClO和氯酸 HClO3

2 HClO2 → HClO + HClO3

如果是在又冷又稀的水溶液中,亚氯酸会和二氧化氯盐酸形成平衡,而氯酸只占少数[3]

5 HClO2 4 ClO2 + HCl + 2 H2O

此外,这种酸对应的盐——亚氯酸盐纯物质是稳定的,例如亚氯酸钠

参见

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参考资料

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  1. ^ PDF pKa de divers couples acido-basiques sur iutmp.u-3mrs.fr
  2. ^ Tableau des acides et bases sur kst-chemie.ch
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Arnold F. Holleman, Nils Wiberg, Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, 2007, 102 Ed., Berlin .ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1.
  • Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4. 

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亚氯酸
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