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亚硒酸

亚硒酸
英文名 Selenous acid
识别
CAS号 7783-00-8  checkY
PubChem 1091
ChemSpider 1060
SMILES
 
  • O[Se+]([O-])O
InChI
 
  • 1/H2O3Se/c1-4(2)3/h(H2,1,2,3)
InChIKey MCAHWIHFGHIESP-UHFFFAOYAW
ChEBI 26642
KEGG D05814
性质
化学式 H
2
SeO
3
摩尔质量 128.979 g·mol⁻¹
外观 无色潮解性晶体
pKa 2.46, 7.3[1]
相关物质
其他阴离子 硒酸
硫酸
亚硫酸
其他阳离子 亚硒酸钠
相关化学品 二氧化硒
三氧化硒
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

亚硒酸化学式H2SeO3,或写作(HO)2SeO),是含氧酸的一种,其中硒的氧化态为+4。它是白色正交晶系晶体,极易溶于水,由二氧化硒溶于少量水缓慢蒸發结晶并用氢氧化钾干燥得到。晶体中稍许畸变的SeO3基团,靠较强的氢键相互连接。

亚硒酸是二元中强酸,中和程度不同时会分别得到亚硒酸氢盐(含HSeO3)和亚硒酸盐(含SeO32−):[2]

H2SeO3 H+ + HSeO3 pKa = 2.62
HSeO3 H+ + SeO32− pKa = 8.32

浓度超过4mol/L的亚硒酸会发生二聚生成H2Se2O5,并脱去一分子水。它与亚硫酸不同,溶液不游离出二氧化硒,固态亚硒酸加热至150°C分解为二氧化硒。

亚硒酸是一个中强的氧化剂,动力学上不活泼。酸性溶液中,它可以氧化二氧化硫硫化氢硫脲碘化钾硫代硫酸钠羟胺等还原性物质,半反应为:

H2SeO3 + 4H+ + 4e Se + 3H2O ; Eo = +0.74 V

碱性溶液中:

SeO32− + 4e + 3H2O Se + 6OHEo = −0.37 V

它在有机合成中用于制取1,2-二羰基化合物(如乙二醛)。[3]

在更强的氧化剂(如臭氧過氧化氫高锰酸根离子)作用下,亚硒酸也可以被氧化为硒酸。亚硒酸有很高毒性,中毒症状可能延迟数小时,包括昏迷、恶心、低血压,严重时可能致死。[4]

参见

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参考资料

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  1. ^ Ka and pKa for Polyprotic Acids. ucdsb.on.ca
  2. ^ Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
  3. ^ “Glyoxal Bisulfite”页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Organic Syntheses, Collected Volume 3, p.438 (1955).
  4. ^ MSDS for "Reagent for Special Opiates (Codeine, Heroin, & Morphine)"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Sirchie Finger Print Laboratories, Inc. May 12, 2006.
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亚硒酸
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