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布达佩斯学派

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布达佩斯学派匈牙利語Budapesti iskola;德語:Budapester Schule),也称为卢卡奇学派匈牙利語Lukács-iskola),最初属于马克思主义人文主义[1],1960年代初期后转向后马克思主义[1]和持不同政见的自由主义,形成匈牙利新左翼

简介

布达佩斯学派出现于1956年匈牙利革命后,流行于1960年代,成员主要是卢卡奇的学生和同事,最初以发展卢卡奇后期社会本体论和美学著作为导向,但很快开始挑战卢卡奇式马克思主义(Lukacsian-Marxism)的范式,进而重构当代批判理论。大多数成员后来都放弃了马克思主义。

1971年2月15日,卢卡奇致《泰晤士报文学增刊》的一封信中,提请注意不同于西方马克思主义的“布达佩斯马克思主义学派”(The Budapest School of Marxism),引发关注。布达佩斯学派批评苏联国家的“对需求的独裁”(dictatorship over needs)。该学派提倡激进民主,以解决混合经济的威权和非民主特征,认为马克思的真正意图是让人民拥有政治自治权和对社会生活的集体决定权。

除了卢卡奇外,学派成员还包括海勒·阿格奈什、海勒的第二任丈夫费伦茨·费赫(Ferenc Fehér)、杰尔吉·马尔库斯(György Márkus)、伊斯特万·梅萨罗斯(István Mészáros)、米哈伊·瓦伊达(Mihály Vajda)和玛丽亚·马尔库斯(Maria Márkus)等,广义上还可以包括赫格居什·安德拉什、伊斯特万·厄尔西(István Eörsi)、亚诺什·基什(János Kis)、杰尔吉·本斯(György Bence)等。

1971年6月4日,卢卡奇去世。1973年,匈牙利社会主义工人党谴责了学派的活动,大多数成员被革除教职或流放。1978年,海勒和费赫移居澳大利亚,海勒成为墨尔本拉筹伯大学的教授。自1960年代以来,布达佩斯学派的著作受到广泛关注和研究。

參見

参考文献

註腳

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Dorahy, J. F., The Budapest School: Beyond Marxism, The Budapest School (Brill), 2019-01-21 [2023-06-21], ISBN 978-90-04-39598-5, (原始内容存档于2022-12-23) (英语) 

文獻

  • A. Hegedus, M. Vajda, and others, “Die neue Linke in Ungarn”, Vol. 2., Internationale Marxistische Diskussion No.53, Merve Verlag, [West] Berlin, 1976.
  • A. Hegedus, M. Markus, and others, “Die neue Linke in Ungarn”,Internationale Marxistische Diskussion No.45, Merve Verlag, [West] Berlin, 1974.
  • Agnes Heller, “Preface to A Study of Agnes Heller’s Thoughts on Aesthetic Modernity by Fu Qilin”, Comparative literature: east & west, 2007, num. 8
  • Arato, Andrew. “The Budapest School and actually existing socialism”, Theory and Society, no.16, 1987.593-619.
  • Blechman, Max. “Revolutionary Romanticism: A Reply to Agnes Heller”, in Radical Philosophy, no. 99(2000), 40–43.
  • Brown, Doug. “Karl Polanyi’s Influence on the Budapest School”, Journal of Economic Issues, Mar 1987, vol.21, no. 1.339-347.
  • Burnheim, John, ed. The Social Philosophy of Agnes Heller. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1994.
  • Charles Andras, “New Left in Hungary Attracts Attention of Western Marxists”, RAD Background Report/91,(East-West), 23 April 1976.
  • Coop, Barry. “A Philosophy of History in Fragments, Agnes Heller”, in
  • Despoix, Phillippe. “On the Possibility of a Philosophy of Values: A Dialogue Within the Budapest School”, in John Burnheim, ed. The Social Philosophy of Agnes Heller. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1994.
  • Falk, Barbara J. The Dilemmas of Dissidence in East-Central Europe:Citizen Intellectuals and Philosopher Kings. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2003.
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布达佩斯学派
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