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亚细亚生产方式

亚细亚生产方式(英語:Asiatic mode of production,縮寫為 AMP),由卡尔·马克思在1850年代開始發展的理論,曾在1859年出版的《政治经济学批判》的序言中提到。是东方历史中一个特殊的生产方式,具体为:国家以农村公社为基本社会组织;国家在社会生活中管理农村公社;国家指挥农村公社来进行大型工程的建设。亚细亚生产方式的重要特点是土地公有,不允许自由转让。 典型的国家有古代的沙俄印度中国等等。

在亚细亚生产方式之下,国家的产生与西方有所不同,国家并非阶级矛盾不可调和的产物,而是作为一个管理者顺应社会需要所诞生的。在亚细亚生产方式下,东方国家普遍具有专制主义特色,民主、自由的思想也很难在东方产生。值得一提的是,中国在春秋战国时便突破了农村公社的生产方式,通过“废封建,开阡陌”,废除“井田制”等一些措施确立了土地私有制,土地自由买卖得到了承认,但是专制主义却保留了下来并不断强化,影响深远。

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亚细亚生产方式
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