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回輝話

回輝話
tsat, utsul
母语国家和地区 中国
区域海南
母语使用人数
5,000 (2000年)[1]
語系
語言代碼
ISO 639-2map
ISO 639-3huq
Glottologtsat1238[2]
ELPTsat
瀕危程度
联合国教科文组织认定的瀕危語言[3]
危险UNESCO

回輝話(Tsat、Utsat,或Utset),亦稱海南占語,是居住於中華人民共和國海南省三亞市鳳凰鎮回輝社區、回新社區等地的回輝人所使用的語言。該語言屬南島語系馬來-玻里尼西亞語族,為北部占語的一種方言。

概要

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回輝穆斯林中華人民共和國政府認定為回族,但其实与大陆上的回族基本没有关系。大陆回族的血缘基本来自波斯及中亚地区,语言原以波斯语为主,现在主要为汉语官話;回辉穆斯林是占婆国被越南侵占之后其遗民北逃中国海南而产生的民族,其语言属于南岛语,与占婆语关系紧密,其数字从一到十的发音更是与同语系马来语完全一致。

和其他南島語系的語言不同,回輝話有聲調,這大概是因爲回輝話長期受到周圍漢語如海南閩語黎語等有聲調語言的影響。

聲調系統

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回輝話聲調對應於不同的占語系英语Chamic languages語音。[4]

回輝話聲調系統
調值
(回輝話)
調形
(回輝話)
占語系尾音
55 高聲調 *-h, *-s; PAN *-q
42 降聲調 *-p, *-t, *-k, *-c, *-ʔ; *-ay
(1) 語詞的原始形式以濁輔音起始(後演變為氣化濁聲),並以清塞音(含塞擦音)結尾者
(2) 原始占語 (Proto-Chamic) *-ay > 回輝話 -aːiʔ42
24 上聲調 *-p, *-t, *-k, *-c, *-ʔ
語詞的原始形式以清輔音起始(後演變為常態濁聲),並以清塞音(含塞擦音)結尾者
11 低聲調 元音及鼻音
語詞的原始形式以濁輔音起始(後演變為氣化濁聲),並以響音結尾者
33 中聲調 元音及鼻音
語詞的原始形式以清輔音起始(後演變為常態濁聲),並以響音結尾者

註釋

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  1. ^ Selon l'Ethnologue页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
  2. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Tsat. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016. 
  3. ^ UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger, UNESCO
  4. ^ Thurgood, Graham. 1993. "Phan Rang Cham and Utsat: Tonogenetic themes and variants." In Jerold A. Edmondson and Kenneth J. Gregerson (eds.), Tonality in Austronesian languages, 91-106. Oceanic Linguistics Special Publication, 24. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

參考文獻

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  • Jerold A. Edmondson. Tonality in Austronesian languages illustrated. University of Hawaii Press. 1993. ISBN 0-8248-1530-0. 

外部連結

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回輝話
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