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古典哲学

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西方哲學中,古典哲學(英語:Ancient philosophy),又稱古代哲学,為古希臘古羅馬時期的哲學,一般包括从前苏格拉底哲学基督教兴起之前的时期。智者学派兴起之后出现了古希腊甚至整个哲学史上最重要的三位哲学家:苏格拉底柏拉图亚里士多德。其中柏拉图和亚里士多德的作品比较完整地保留了下来,他们系统性的论述给后代哲学家造成了巨大影响。

亚里士多德之后由于社会和政治上的变化,代表文明的古希腊马其顿亚历山大大帝所灭,这一时期出现了另外四大学派:犬儒学派怀疑派英语Academic skepticism伊壁鸠鲁派斯多葛派。他们追问:

  • 在一个罪恶的世界里,人怎样才能够有德?
  • 在一个受苦受难的世界里,人怎样才能够幸福?

这一时期还包括古罗马时代的哲学家,例如西塞罗的折中主义,他们渗透于同时期的不同学派间。

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古典哲学
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