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事件 (哲学)

哲學中,事件(英語:Event)是時間對象或對象屬性的實例化。 在某些觀點中,只有獲得或失去屬性形式的變化才能構成事件,例如草坪逐漸變[1] 根據其他人的說法,也有一些事件只涉及保留屬性,例如草坪一直濕漉漉的。[1][2] 事件通常被定義為特殊情況,與普遍情況不同,不能在不同時間重複。[2] 過程是由一系列事件構成的複雜事件。[3] 但是即使是簡單的事件也可以被認為是複雜的實體,涉及一個對象、一個時間和這個對象此時所體現的屬性。[4][5] 傳統上,形而上學傾向於強調靜態存有而不是動態事件。 這種趨勢遭到了所謂的過程哲學(英語:Process philosophy)或過程本體論(英語:Process ontology)的反對,後者將本體論的首要地位歸於事件和過程。[6][7]

事件是一个哲学范畴,按哲学家怀特海的定义,指一定时间或条件下所經驗/认识到的具体事情。怀特海认为事件是有机的而非静止的,他认为事件具有运动性、变化性、相对性和复杂性等特质。每一事件的现实规定性和意义是特殊、具体的,因而可以与其他事件相区隔。事件之间相互关联、影响、依赖、包含,如果一个事件与其他事件的联系发生转换,就演化为新的事件。取消了一定关联的事件不再是一个事件。怀特海希望重新解释经验世界的基本元素,便提出了“事件”的概念而取代机械唯物论中的“物质”。他认为,时间空间本身即属于“事件”,不能离开“物质实体”的运动。[8]

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Honderich, Ted. events. The Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford University Press. 2005 [2021-12-21]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-29). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Kim, Jaegwon; Sosa, Ernest; Rosenkrantz, Gary S. event theory. A Companion to Metaphysics. Wiley-Blackwell. [2021-12-21]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-21). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  3. ^ Craig, Edward. processes. Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Routledge. 1996 [2021-12-21]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-16). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  4. ^ Audi, Robert. event. The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. [2021-12-21]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-14). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  5. ^ Schneider, Susan. Events. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. [2021-12-21]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-20). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  6. ^ Seibt, Johanna. Process Philosophy. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2020 [9 January 2021]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-21). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  7. ^ Hustwit, J. R. Process Philosophy. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. [9 January 2021]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-21). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  8. ^ 蒋永福等主编. 东西方哲学大辞典. 南昌市:江西人民出版社, 2000. 页716.
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事件 (哲学)
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