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華夏鳥屬

华夏鸟属
化石时期:白堊紀前期[1], 125–112 Ma
華夏鳥的化石標本
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
演化支 反鳥亞綱 Enantiornithes
目: 华夏鸟目 Cathayornithiformes
科: 华夏鸟科 Cathayornithidae
属: 华夏鸟属 Cathayornis
Zhou, Jin & Zhang, 1992
模式種
燕都華夏鳥
Cathayornis yandica

Zhou, Jin & Zhang, 1992
可能物種
  • 異常華夏鳥 C. aberransis
    Hou et al., 2002
  • 查布華夏鳥 C. chabuensis
    Li et al., 2008

華夏鳥屬名:Cathayornis,意為「契丹的鳥」。其中「契丹」是中世紀歐洲對中國的稱謂)是屬於反鳥亞綱的原始鳥類,在反鳥類中是演化程度較高的成員[2],其體型相當於現今中小型的雀鳥(估計體長約13公分。由於尚未發現保有尾羽的化石,因此尾羽長度不列入估計[3]),生存於白堊紀前期的東亞,已知的化石皆發現於中國北部。

華夏鳥屬目前共有三個物種,分別是發現於遼寧朝陽波羅赤鎮燕都華夏鳥模式種C. yandica)與異常華夏鳥C. aberransis?),以及於內蒙古鄂托克旗烏蘭鎮被發現的查布華夏鳥C. chabuensis?)。燕都華夏鳥和異常華夏鳥的化石皆出土自早白堊世晚期的九佛堂組地層,年代相當於距今約1億2000萬年前的阿普第階;查布華夏鳥的化石則來自同屬於早白堊世晚期的涇川組下部地層[4],年代亦為阿普第階[5]。該屬除了燕都華夏鳥外,其餘兩個物種的有效性迄今皆仍有爭議[2]

特徵

[编辑]
燕都華夏鳥的頭骨

華夏鳥的體型較中國鳥為大,第一指較短及直,其上的爪也較長。模式種燕都華夏鳥[6] ,其他物種有異常華夏鳥[7]及查布華夏鳥[5],但華夏鳥的分類卻受到質疑。

分類

[编辑]

保羅·塞里諾(Paul Sereno)等人曾認為華夏鳥只是中國鳥的次異名。它們之間的特徵非常相似,而且同樣擁有尾綜骨獨有衍徵[8]但是後來的研究卻確立了華夏鳥與中國鳥的不同,其翼爪和手指、臀骨及尾綜骨的大小也有分別。[9]

參考

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  1. ^ Brocklehurst, N.; Upchurch, P.; Mannion, P. D.; O'Connor, J. "The Completeness of the Fossil Record of Mesozoic Birds: Implications for Early Avian Evolution". PLoS ONE. 2012, 7 (6): e39056 [2018-12-28]. ISSN 1932-6203. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039056. (原始内容存档于2018-12-28). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Wang, M.; Liu, D. "Taxonomical reappraisal of Cathayornithidae (Aves: Enantiornithes)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 2015, 14 (1): 1–19 [2018-12-27]. ISSN 1478-0941. doi:10.1080/14772019.2014.994087. (原始内容存档于2019-04-10). 
  3. ^ Matthew P. Martyniuk. "A Field Guide to Mesozoic Birds and Other Winged Dinosaurs". Pan Aves. 2012: 136. ISBN 978-0-988-5965-0-4. 
  4. ^ 王宝鹏, 李建军, 白志强, 常洁琼, 张永强. "内蒙古鄂托克旗查布地区恐爪龙类足迹的发现及其意义". 北京大学学报(自然科学版). 2017, 53 (1): 81–90 [2018-12-27]. ISSN 0479-8023. (原始内容存档于2018-12-27). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Li, J.-J.; Li, Z.-H.; Zhang, Y.-G.; Zhou, Z.-H.; Bai, Z.-Q.; Zhang, L.-F.; Ba, T.-Y. "A new species of Cathayornis from the Lower Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China and its stratigraphic significance". Acta Geologica Sinica. 2008, 82 (6): 1115–23. ISSN 1755-6724. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2008.tb00711.x. 
  6. ^ Zhou, Z.-H.; Hou, L.-H. The Discovery and Study of Mesozoic Birds in China. Chiappe, L. and Witmer, L. (eds.) (编). "Mesozoic Birds: Above the Heads of Dinosaurs". University of California Press. 2001. 
  7. ^ Hou, Zhou, Zhang and Gu. Mesozoic birds from western Liaoning in China. 2002: 120 pp. ISBN 7-5381-3392-5. 
  8. ^ Sereno, Rao and Li. Sinornis santensis (Aves: Enantiornithes) from the Early Cretaceous of Northeastern China. Chiappe and Witmer (eds.) (编). Mesozoic Birds – Above the Heads of Dinosaurs. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2002: Pp 184–208. 
  9. ^ O'Connor, J. and Dyke, G. A reassessment of Sinornis santensis and Cathayornis yandica (Aves: Enantiornithes). Records of the Australian Museum. 2010, 62: 7–20. doi:10.3853/J.0067-1975.62.2010.1540. 

外部連結

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華夏鳥屬
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