For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 真鸟类.

真鸟类

真鳥類
化石时期:早白堊世至今,[1]130.7–0 Ma
長冠紅山鳥的化石
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目: 恐龍總目 Dinosauria
目: 蜥臀目 Saurischia
亚目: 獸腳亞目 Theropoda
演化支 鸟翼类 Avialae
演化支 真鸟翼类 Euavialae
演化支 短尾鸟类 Avebrevicauda
演化支 尾綜骨鳥類 Pygostylia
演化支 鸟胸骨类 Ornithothoraces
演化支 真鸟类 Euornithes
Cope, 1889
演化支

真鸟类(学名Euornithes,来源于希腊语ευόρνιθες,意思是“真正的鸟”)是一个包含亲缘关系接近于现生鸟类但远离中国鸟的所有鸟翼类的自然演化支。

描述

[编辑]

Clarke等人在2006年发现了最早的真鸟类:燕鸟类(Yanornithiformes),其同时具有进化和原始的混合特征。这些物种保留了原始特征,例如腹膜肋和耻骨联合,同时首次展现出完全现代化的尾综骨义县鸟的模式标本(IVPP 13631)保留了八枚细长的矩形尾羽。没有已知更早的尾综骨鸟目保留了这种扇形尾羽,相反,其只保留成对的尾羽或一小束短尾羽。[2]

分类

[编辑]

真鸟类于1889年被爱德华·德林克·科普正式命名。目前已被用来指称各种鸟翼类的类群。在1998年,Paul Sereno首次将它定义为一个演化支,包括所有接近现生鸟而远离反鸟亚纲(以中国鸟为代表)的动物。该定义经常和另一个被广泛使用的名称,今鸟类,包含了较为相似的内容。今鸟类是由Luis M. Chiappe于1999年命名和定义,它包括了PatagopteryxVorona扇尾亚纲的最近共同祖先及其所有后代。因为真鸟类的定义是基于节点的,而今鸟类的定义则是基于分支的。今鸟类是一个包含性较小的类群。[3]

关系

[编辑]

下面的演化树是由Lee等人于2014年系统分析的结果:[4]

鸟胸骨类

反鸟类

真鸟类

古喙鸟属

建昌鸟属

钟健鸟

朝阳鸟属

叉尾鸟属

今鸟型类

Patagopteryx

Vorona

Ambiortus

†松嶺鳥科

红山鸟科

神翼鸟

甘肃鸟属

霍兰鸟属

扇尾类

鱼鸟

黄昏鸟目

阈鸟

(现代鸟类)

其它属

[编辑]

依据托马斯·霍兹于2011年的分类,以下是无法可信地分类到任何演化支但基于真鸟类属的名单,除非另有注明:

但值得注意的是,Holtz也将欧洲湖鸟龙(Eurolimnornis)和Piksi归入真鸟类,尽管它们已被重新认定为属翼龙目[7]

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^ Wang, Min; Zheng, Xiaoting; O’Connor, Jingmai K.; Lloyd, Graeme T.; Wang, Xiaoli; Wang, Yan; Zhang, Xiaomei; Zhou, Zhonghe. The oldest record of ornithuromorpha from the early cretaceous of China. Nature Communications. 2015-11, 6 (1) [2022-11-10]. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5426517可免费查阅. PMID 25942493. doi:10.1038/ncomms7987. (原始内容存档于2022-11-10) (英语). 
  2. ^ Clarke, Julia A.; Zhou, Zhonghe; Zhang, Fucheng. Insight into the evolution of avian flight from a new clade of Early Cretaceous ornithurines from China and the morphology of Yixianornis grabaui. Journal of Anatomy. 2006-03, 208 (3) [2022-11-10]. ISSN 0021-8782. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00534.x. (原始内容存档于2022-10-19) (英语). 
  3. ^ Lee, M. S. Y.; Cau, A.; Naish, D.; Dyke, G. J. Morphological Clocks in Paleontology, and a Mid-Cretaceous Origin of Crown Aves. Systematic Biology. 2014-05-01, 63 (3) [2022-11-10]. ISSN 1063-5157. PMID 24449041. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syt110. (原始内容存档于2022-08-14) (英语). 
  4. ^ Lee, M. S. Y.; Cau, A.; Naish, D.; Dyke, G. J. Morphological Clocks in Paleontology, and a Mid-Cretaceous Origin of Crown Aves. Systematic Biology. 2014-05-01, 63 (3) [2022-11-10]. ISSN 1063-5157. PMID 24449041. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syt110. (原始内容存档于2022-08-14) (英语). 
  5. ^ Wang, Ya-Ming; O'Connor, Jingmai K.; Li, Da-Qing; You, Hai-Lu. Previously Unrecognized Ornithuromorph Bird Diversity in the Early Cretaceous Changma Basin, Gansu Province, Northwestern China. PLOS ONE. 2013-10-11, 8 (10) [2022-11-29]. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3795672可免费查阅. PMID 24147058. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077693. (原始内容存档于2022-11-10) (英语). 
  6. ^ Huang, Jiandong; Wang, Xia; Hu, Yuanchao; Liu, Jia; Peteya, Jennifer A.; Clarke, Julia A. A new ornithurine from the Early Cretaceous of China sheds light on the evolution of early ecological and cranial diversity in birds. PeerJ. 2016-03-15, 4 [2022-11-10]. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 4806634可免费查阅. PMID 27019777. doi:10.7717/peerj.1765. (原始内容存档于2022-11-10) (英语). 
  7. ^ Agnolin, Federico L.; Varricchio, David. Systematic reinterpretation of Piksi barbarulna Varricchio, 2002 from the Two Medicine Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Western USA (Montana) as a pterosaur rather than a bird. Geodiversitas. 2012-12, 34 (4). ISSN 1280-9659. doi:10.5252/g2012n4a10 (英语). 
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
真鸟类
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?