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乙胺丁醇

乙胺丁醇
别名 (2S,2’S)-2,2’-(Ethane-1,2-diyldiimino)dibutan-1-ol[1]
识别
CAS号 74-55-5  checkY
PubChem 14052
ChemSpider 13433
SMILES
 
  • CC[C@@H](CO)NCCN[C@@H](CC)CO
EINECS 200-810-26
ChEBI 4877
DrugBank DB00330
KEGG D07925
MeSH Ethambutol
性质
化学式 C10H24N2O2
摩尔质量 204.31 g·mol−1
外观 White crystals
氣味 Odourless
log P −0.291
药理学
给药途径 Oral
药代动力学
20–30%
Hepatic
3–4 hours
Renal
相关物质
相关化学品
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

乙胺丁醇(英語:Ethambutol,簡稱為EMBE)是治療結核病的藥物[2] ,通常會與其他抗結核病藥英语tuberculosis medications,如異煙肼利福平吡嗪酰胺等合併使用[3]。本品也可以用於治療鳥型分支桿菌英语Mycobacterium avium complex(英語:Mycobacterium avium complex)和堪薩斯分枝桿菌英语Mycobacterium kansasii(英語:Mycobacterium kansasii)等病原菌感染[2]。乙胺丁醇由口服途徑給藥[2]

本品常見的副作用為視力症狀、關節痛噁心頭痛及疲倦[2],其他副作用則有肝臟疾病過敏反應[4]。本品不建議用於視神經炎英语Optic neuritis患者、嚴重腎臟病患者及未滿5歲的幼兒[3]。在懷孕餵母奶期間使用本品,對胎兒或嬰兒尚無已知的危害[3][5];不過美國食品藥品監督管理局提出警告,在懷孕期間服用本品,可能會導致嬰兒有視力問題[2]。本品的藥理機制係為干擾細菌的代謝路徑[2]

乙胺丁醇發現於1961年[6],由世界衛生組織表列世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單[7],目前可在市面上取得學名藥[4]



性状

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乙胺丁醇的常见形式是其盐酸盐,为白色结晶性粉末。

参考文献

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  1. ^ ethambutol (CHEBI:4877). Chemical Entities of Biological Interest. UK: European Bioinformatics Institute. Main. 18 August 2010 [26 April 2012]. (原始内容存档于2014-07-19). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Ethambutol Hydrochloride. drugs.com. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [10 December 2016]. (原始内容存档于5 June 2016). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (编). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. 2009: 136, 138, 588, 603. ISBN 9789241547659. hdl:10665/44053可免费查阅. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Hamilton R. Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia Deluxe Lab-Coat. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2015: 48. ISBN 9781284057560. 
  5. ^ Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database. TGA.gov.au. Therapeutic Goods Administration, Department of Health, Australia. 3 March 2014 [22 April 2014]. (原始内容存档于8 April 2014). 
  6. ^ Landau R, Achilladelis B, Scriabine A. Pharmaceutical Innovation: Revolutionizing Human Health. Chemical Heritage Foundation. 1999: 171. ISBN 9780941901215. (原始内容存档于2016-12-20) (英语). 
  7. ^ World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. hdl:10665/325771可免费查阅. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. 

外部链接

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乙胺丁醇
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